A House of Gentlefolk · Chapter
XXXI explained
Lavretsky realizes he loves Lisa, but is troubled by the feeling.
What happens
Lavretsky realizes he loves Lisa, but is troubled by the feeling. He returns to town and visits the Kalitins, where he spends time with Lisa. She hints at her decision regarding Panshin and asks him to attend mass. Lavretsky goes to church, prays fervently, and feels a deep spiritual connection. After mass, he gives away his money to the poor and walks home peacefully.
Themes in this chapter
Love and Marriage
Lavretsky's realization of his love for Lisa and his internal conflict about pursuing a relationship at his age.
Religion and Spirituality
Lavretsky's return to church, his prayerful experience, and the spiritual connection he feels with Lisa during mass.
Characters to notice
- Fedor Ivanitch Lavretsky
Realizes he loves Lisa and struggles with the implications. Attends mass and experiences spiritual renewal.
- Lisa Mihalovna
Shows thoughtfulness and hints at her decision about Panshin. Prays fervently at church and greets Lavretsky with glad seriousness.
- Marya Dmitrievna Kalitin
Has been set against Lavretsky but is softened by his losing at picquet.
- Lenotchka
Accompanies Lisa in the carriage after mass.
Key passages
“Have I really nothing better to do,” he thought, “at thirty-five than to put my soul into a woman’s keeping again?”
Lavretsky questions whether at his age he should be entrusting his heart to another woman.
Reflects Lavretsky's self-doubt and fear of repeating past mistakes.
“She meant it when she said that I frightened her. But she doesn’t love Panshin either—a poor consolation!”
Lavretsky acknowledges that Lisa is afraid of him, and finds little comfort in knowing she does not love Panshin.
Highlights Lavretsky's insecurity and the uncertain romantic dynamic.
“He felt that she was praying for him too, and his heart was filled with a marvelous tenderness.”
Lavretsky senses that Lisa is including him in her prayers, which fills him with deep affection.
Shows the spiritual bond forming between Lavretsky and Lisa.