# VIII: The Temptation of Hamlet explained — What Is to Be Done?

> Chapter companion for What Is to Be Done? by Nikolay Chernyshevsky.

## What happens

Marya Alekséyevna, feigning a headache, orchestrates a private conversation between Viéra and Lopukhóf, then eavesdrops. They discuss the theory of rational egoism, with Lopukhóf arguing that all human actions are motivated by self-interest. Viéra tests the theory by asking whether she should accept a rich suitor she dislikes; Lopukhóf advises her to choose what is most advantageous. Marya Alekséyevna, overhearing, approves of the conversation as it seems to support her own plans.

## Themes in this chapter

### Rational Egoism

Central to the chapter: Lopukhóf argues that all human actions are driven by self-interest, and Viéra tests this theory in her personal dilemma.

### Freedom and Individuality

Viéra explores the freedom to choose based on her own interests, challenging societal expectations of marriage.

## Character check-ins

### Marya Alekséyevna

Eavesdrops on Viéra and Lopukhóf's conversation, approving of Lopukhóf's rational advice.

### Viéra Pavlovna

Engages in a philosophical discussion with Lopukhóf about self-interest and tests the theory by considering a rich suitor.

### Dmitri Sergéitch Lopukhóf

Explains the theory of rational egoism, arguing that all actions stem from self-interest, and advises Viéra to choose what benefits her most.

### Feódor

Delivers Marya Alekséyevna's message asking Viéra and Lopukhóf to move their conversation.

## Key lines

> Theory must by necessity be cold. The mind must judge of things coldly.

Lopukhóf asserts that rational analysis requires emotional detachment.

_Highlights the rationalist approach to ethics._

> Weigh everything; choose what would be most advantageous.

Lopukhóf advises Viéra to make decisions based on her own best interest.

_Key advice reflecting the theme of rational egoism._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/viii-the-temptation-of-hamlet
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters