# What Is to Be Done? — Chapters explained

> Chapter companions for What Is to Be Done? by Nikolay Chernyshevsky.

- [What Is to Be Done?](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/what-is-to-be-done.md): The chapter introduces the central philosophical and practical question of the novel, setting the stage for the characters' struggles against societal constraints and their pursuit of rational egoism, personal freedom, a
- [A Vital Question](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/a-vital-question.md): This chapter presents a philosophical and ideological discussion centered on a 'vital question' concerning the nature of human motivation, self-interest, and the possibility of altruism within a rational framework. It ex
- [A Fool](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/i-a-fool.md): The chapter opens on July 23, 1856, at a Petersburg hotel where a mysterious guest has checked in, locked his door, and cannot be roused. After breaking in, the room is found empty with a note stating he will leave at 11
- [II: The First Consequences of the Fool’s Deed](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ii-the-first-consequences-of-the-fool-s-deed.md): Vera Pavlovna receives a letter from Lopukhof announcing his departure and apparent suicide, believing he has sacrificed himself for her happiness with Kirsanov. Overcome with guilt, she resolves to leave Petersburg and 
- [III: Preface](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iii-preface.md): The author directly addresses the reader, explaining his narrative approach and defending the truthfulness of his story. He admits to lacking artistic talent but insists that the value of the work lies in its honesty. He
- [Part I: The Life of Viéra Pavlovna in Her Parents’ Family](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/part-i-the-life-of-vi-ra-pavlovna-in-her-parents-family.md): This chapter introduces Viéra Pavlovna's oppressive home life under her mother Marya Alekséyevna's domineering and mercenary rule, her father's passive complicity, and the looming threat of an unwanted marriage to Stores
- [I](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/i.md): The chapter introduces Viéra Pavlovna's upbringing in a middle-class household dominated by her shrewd, ruthless mother Marya Alekséyevna, who schemes to secure a wealthy husband for her daughter. Viéra's life is marked 
- [II](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ii.md): In a fashionable restaurant, Storeshnikof dines with his friends, including the Frenchwoman Julie and the officer Serge. Julie, learning of Storeshnikof's boastful claims about Vera, angrily denounces him and the others 
- [III](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iii.md): Viéra Pavlovna confronts Storeshnikof about his slanderous behavior, refuses the sleigh ride, and locks herself in her room to escape her mother's wrath. Marya Alekséyevna oscillates between anger and cunning, while Juli
- [IV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iv.md): Julie and Serge visit Vera's home under the pretense of piano lessons. Julie reveals the wager and Storeshnikof's intentions to Vera, exposing Marya Alekséyevna's complicity. Julie warns Vera of her mother's future schem
- [V](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/v.md): Julie rescues Storeshnikof from his predicament by sending a letter to Jean to postpone the supper, imposing two conditions: he must stop persecuting Vera and stop mentioning her name. She then advises him to marry Vera 
- [VI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vi.md): Viérotchka refuses Storeshnikof's sleigh ride, and Marya Alekséyevna leaves her in peace. The next morning, Viérotchka goes to the Gostinui Dvor with Julie, who buys her a veil for disguise. Julie advises Viérotchka to a
- [VII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vii.md): Storeshnikof, influenced by social pressures and his own vanity, decides to marry Vera rather than merely take her as a mistress. He formally proposes to Marya Alekséyevna, who eagerly accepts. However, when Vera is info
- [Chapter VIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/viii.md): Anna Petrovna confronts her son Mikhaïl Ivanuitch about his intention to marry Viéra Pavlovna, the manager's daughter. She initially faints and forbids the match, but after learning from Pavel Konstantinuitch that Viéra 
- [IX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ix.md): Marya Alekséyevna is torn between believing her daughter Viérotchka is cunningly orchestrating a marriage to Mikhaïl Storeshnikof and suspecting she truly refuses him. After Pavel Konstantinuitch blunders by revealing Vi
- [Part II: First Love, and Legal Marriage](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/part-ii-first-love-and-legal-marriage.md): Vera Pavlovna, feeling trapped by her family's plans to marry her off to Storeshnikof, meets Lopukhóf, her brother's tutor. Through discussions about rational egoism and personal freedom, Lopukhóf helps Vera realize she 
- [I](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/i.md): The narrator introduces the changing social dynamics of marriage, contrasting the old pattern of a woman forced into a detestable marriage with a new, more hopeful path exemplified by Viérotchka. The chapter details the 
- [II](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ii.md): This chapter provides a detailed portrait of Dmitri Sergéitch Lopukhóf, correcting earlier impressions. It describes his humble origins as a meshchanín from Riazan, his struggles as a medical student, his friendship with
- [Chapter III](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iii.md): Lopukhóf attends tea at the Rozalsky home, observes Vera's coldness toward her suitor Storeshnikof, and forms a mistaken impression of her as a calculating social climber. Marya Alekséyevna invites him to Vera's birthday
- [IV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iv.md): Viérotchka's birthday party takes place with a small gathering. Lopukhóf, initially invited as an accompanist, avoids dancing by playing cards but eventually joins the dance. He and Viérotchka engage in a philosophical c
- [V](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/v.md): Vera reflects on her conversation with Lopukhóf, realizing that her own thoughts about freedom, happiness, and the elimination of poverty are not unique but shared by others. She falls asleep peacefully, contemplating a 
- [VI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vi.md): Marya Alekséyevna, impressed by Lopukhóf's apparent fortune-hunting, interrogates him about his fictional rich bride, believing he is a shrewd match for her daughter. Lopukhóf plays along, speaking in double meanings tha
- [VII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vii.md): Marya Alekséyevna's suspicions about Lopukhóf are allayed by his apparent lack of romantic interest in Viérotchka. She tests his intentions by examining the books he brings, and through her cunning, she successfully nego
- [VIII: The Temptation of Hamlet](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/viii-the-temptation-of-hamlet.md): Marya Alekséyevna, feigning a headache, orchestrates a private conversation between Viéra and Lopukhóf, then eavesdrops. They discuss the theory of rational egoism, with Lopukhóf arguing that all human actions are motiva
- [IX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ix.md): The narrator reflects on Marya Alekséyevna's relationship with Lopukhóf, noting the farcical nature of their interactions and how her vulgar, self-interested worldview leads her to mistakenly see Lopukhóf as a kindred sp
- [Chapter X](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/x.md): Lopukhóf works tirelessly to find a governess position for Viéra Pavlovna, placing an advertisement and walking across the city to vet potential families. Kirsánov notices his friend's unusual absences and offers financi
- [XI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xi.md): Vera Pavlovna grows increasingly desperate to escape her oppressive home life. Lopukhóf reveals that his friend Kirsánov has provided a promising lead for a position as a governess. They plan a secret meeting to finalize
- [XII: Viérotchka’s First Dream](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xii-vi-rotchka-s-first-dream.md): Viéra Pavlovna dreams of being freed from a damp cellar and cured of paralysis by a mysterious, ever-changing young woman who calls herself Philanthropy. The figure urges Viéra to free and cure other imprisoned and paral
- [XIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiii.md): Lopukhóf visits Mrs. B. to arrange for Vera Pavlovna to become a governess in her household. Initially, the arrangement seems promising, but when Lopukhóf reveals that Vera is fleeing a forced marriage to a wealthy suito
- [XIV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiv.md): Viérotchka meets Lopukhóf on a bench, hoping for good news about her plan to become a governess and escape her family. Lopukhóf reports that the plan has failed because she cannot leave without her mother's consent. Viér
- [XV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xv.md): Lopukhóf visits the Rozalsky home, engaging Marya Alekséyevna in a calculatedly amiable conversation about his supposed quarrel with his sweetheart's parents. He arranges to stay for dinner, bribing Marya Alekséyevna wit
- [XVI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvi.md): Viérotchka sits alone in her room, tormented by the prospect of an arranged marriage and her mother's scrutiny. She contemplates suicide by jumping out the window or suffocating with coal gas, imagining the aftermath. De
- [XVII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvii.md): Lopukhóf hosts a dinner at the Rozalsky home, plying Marya Alekséyevna with ale and champagne to secure her goodwill. During the meal, he toasts to Vera's wedding, leading Marya Alekséyevna to believe Vera will marry Sto
- [XVIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xviii.md): Vera and Lopukhov discuss the terms of their future marriage, emphasizing mutual independence, equality, and the rejection of traditional gender roles. Vera insists on earning her own living and maintaining separate room
- [XIX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xix.md): Lopukhóf reflects on his engagement to Viéra Pavlovna, grappling with his materialist philosophy and the fear that she might feel a 'pernicious feeling of gratefulness' toward him. He resolves that he has made no sacrifi
- [Chapter XX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xx.md): Vera Pavlovna counts down the days until her freedom from her mother's house, eagerly anticipating her marriage to Lopukhóf. She meets secretly with Lopukhóf, and they plan a rendezvous on the Konno-Gvardéïsky Boulevard.
- [XXI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxi.md): Viéra Pavlovna and Lopukhóf marry in a simple, secret ceremony. Lopukhóf arranges the wedding with the help of Mertsálof, a priest. After the wedding, they celebrate at the Mertsálovs' home. Lopukhóf finds a modest apart
- [XXII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxii.md): Marya Alekséyevna, stunned by Vera's sudden departure, chases after her in a public scene, attracting a crowd of mocking peddlers and onlookers. After a chaotic outburst, she returns home, beats the servants, and eventua
- [XXIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxiii.md): Marya Alekséyevna initially plots revenge against Lopukhóf and Vera, but after realizing Vera has taken only a few items, she shifts to practical concerns about lawsuits and retaining Vera's belongings. Lopukhóf visits, 
- [XXIV: A Word of Praise for Marya Alekséyevna](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxiv-a-word-of-praise-for-marya-aleks-yevna.md): The narrator addresses Marya Alekséyevna directly, offering a backhanded tribute to her intelligence and strength of character despite her moral failings. He argues that her cynical view of people as either fools or rasc
- [Part III: Marriage and Second Love](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/part-iii-marriage-and-second-love.md): This chapter explores Vera Pavlovna's second marriage to Aleksandr Kirsánov, delving into the complexities of love, personal freedom, and the evolving dynamics of their relationship. It contrasts the rational foundations
- [I](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/i.md): Three months after Vera's rescue from the cellar, the Lopukhófs have established a modest but stable life with combined income from tutoring and translation work. Their unconventional domestic arrangements—maintaining se
- [II](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ii.md): Vera Pavlovna, now married to Lopukhóf, begins to establish a sewing cooperative. She visits Julie to seek orders and recommendations, and the two women celebrate Vera's marriage with champagne and playful wrestling. Fiv
- [III: Viéra Pavlovna’s Second Dream](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iii-vi-ra-pavlovna-s-second-dream.md): In her second dream, Viéra Pavlovna engages in a philosophical discussion about 'actual' versus 'fantastic' dirt, symbolizing the conditions for healthy growth and life. The dream shifts to a game of 'Confession' where c
- [IV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iv.md): Viéra Pavlovna establishes a sewing cooperative with three seamstresses, gradually expanding it into a collective living and working arrangement. She introduces profit-sharing, a reserve fund, and communal purchasing, wh
- [V](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/v.md): Three years have passed since Vera Pavlovna's marriage and the founding of the sewing cooperative. The chapter describes her daily routine: waking late, enjoying cream, managing the household, giving lessons, visiting th
- [Chapter VI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vi.md): A large picnic is organized by the seamstresses and their friends, including Viéra Pavlovna and Dmitri Sergéitch. The group enjoys dancing, games, and a lively debate among the young men about philosophical ideas. The pi
- [VII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vii.md): Lopukhóf falls ill with pneumonia after a picnic. Viéra Pavlovna insists on nursing him, despite his reassurances. Kirsánof is called to treat him and eventually takes over night duty to prevent Viéra from exhausting her
- [VIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/viii.md): The narrator addresses the 'sapient reader' directly, predicting that a new romance will begin in Vera Pavlovna's life involving Kirsánov, and explains that Kirsánov is essentially the same type of person as Lopukhóf. He
- [IX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ix.md): The narrator reflects on the diversity within a seemingly uniform type of people, comparing them to Europeans among Chinamen. Viéra Pavlovna now has a choice between Lopukhóf and Kirsánof, as a third person enters the dy
- [Chapter X](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/x.md): This chapter provides a detailed physical description of Kirsánof and compares him to Lopukhóf. It also discusses Kirsánof's professional circumstances, including his successful attainment of a professorship despite init
- [XI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xi.md): Kirsánof, once a frequent and close friend of the Lopukhófs, suddenly becomes distant and behaves strangely, accusing them of imagined slights. His absurd and offended manner puzzles and distresses Lopukhóf and Viéra Pav
- [Chapter XII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xii.md): Kirsánof reflects on the danger of his growing feelings for Viéra Pavlovna while helping her nurse the ill Lopukhóf. He recalls his earlier success in suppressing his passion three years ago and now faces a greater risk 
- [XIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiii.md): Kirsánof visits the Lopukhófs, believing he has his passion for Vera under control. They discuss Lopukhóf's recovery and decide to visit the sewing cooperative. There, Kirsánof unexpectedly reunites with Nástenka, a girl
- [XIV: Nástenka’s Story](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiv-n-stenka-s-story.md): Nástenka visits Viéra Pavlovna to confess her past and express gratitude to Sáshenka, who rescued her from a life of degradation. Viéra listens sympathetically as Nástenka recounts her initial shameless behavior, her enc
- [XV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xv.md): Nástenka's story concludes as she lives with Kirsánof for two years, then leaves due to consumption. She finds work with an actress, but after the actress marries, Nástenka leaves to avoid family conflict. She tries othe
- [XVI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvi.md): Kirsánof, after mourning Nástenka, begins to spend increasing time with Viéra Pavlovna, escorting her to the shop, the opera, and social gatherings. Their growing intimacy and shared activities create an idyllic domestic
- [XVII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvii.md): Kirsánof internally debates whether to distance himself from Vera Pavlovna to avoid disturbing her peace, applying rational egoism to conclude that leaving is the more prudent, self-preserving choice.
- [XVIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xviii.md): Kirsánof executes a slow, deliberate withdrawal from the Lopukhófs' household to avoid revealing his feelings for Viéra Pavlovna. He uses a gradual, almost imperceptible reduction in visits, rationalizing his actions thr
- [XIX: Viéra Pavlovna’s Third Dream](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xix-vi-ra-pavlovna-s-third-dream.md): Viéra Pavlovna experiences a troubling dream in which a mysterious visitor (appearing as Bosio and de Merrick) forces her to read from a diary she does not remember writing. The diary reveals her growing doubts about her
- [XX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xx.md): Vera Pavlovna experiences a period of emotional turmoil and a troubling dream, leading to a deeper, more intimate connection with her husband Lopukhóf. She moves into his apartment, and they explore a new phase of love a
- [XXI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxi.md): Lopukhóf reflects on his wife Vera's dream and her growing emotional distance. He analyzes the cause, concluding that her feelings are shifting toward Kirsánov, whose recent estrangement is now seen as deliberate. Using 
- [A Theoretical Conversation](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxii-a-theoretical-conversation.md): Lopukhóf and Kirsánof engage in a tense theoretical debate about duty, risk, and the nature of happiness. Kirsánof argues that it is dishonorable to risk another's peace of mind for an uncertain betterment, while Lopukhó
- [XXIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxiii.md): Kirsánof resumes his visits to the Lopukhófs after a five-month absence, explaining it as catching up on neglected work. He behaves with perfect composure, but Viéra Pavlovna, prompted by an inner 'visitor,' begins to no
- [XXIV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxiv.md): Vera Pavlovna gradually realizes her growing feelings for Kirsánov, leading to a confession to her husband Lopukhóf. Lopukhóf responds with calm reassurance, emphasizing her freedom and well-being, and arranges for Kirsá
- [XXV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxv.md): Vera Pavlovna struggles with her feelings for Kirsanov while trying to maintain her marriage to Lopukhov. Lopukhov gently confronts her, arguing that her suffering is unnecessary and that she should follow her true feeli
- [XXVI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxvi.md): Vera Pavlovna, in great emotional turmoil, writes a letter to her husband Lopukhóf confessing her love for another man. Lopukhóf finds the letter, remains calm, and distracts her by discussing his new position as acting 
- [XXVII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxvii.md): Viéra Pavlovna awakens to find her husband Lopukhóf and Masha packing valises for his trip to Riazan. Despite her desire to accompany him, Lopukhóf gently persuades her to wait for a letter from him, emphasizing the impo
- [XXVIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxviii.md): Lopukhóf returns to Petersburg in mid-June, stays three weeks, then leaves for Moscow on factory business. On July 21 he departs, and on July 23 a misunderstanding occurs at a hotel near the Moscow railroad station invol
- [XXIX: An Extraordinary Man](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxix-an-extraordinary-man.md): Viéra Pavlovna, recovering from her distress, decides to sell her belongings and leave the shop, sending Masha to fetch Mrs. Mertsálova and the dealer Rachel. Rakhmétof arrives uninvited, having learned of her situation 
- [Rakhmétov's Visit and the Letter](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxx.md): Rakhmétov visits Vera Pavlovna to deliver a letter from Lopukhóf, but he carefully controls the situation, making her promise not to grab the note. After reading it, Vera is moved by Lopukhóf's kindness. Rakhmétov then s
- [XXXI: A Colloquy with the Sapient Reader, and His Banishment](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxxi-a-colloquy-with-the-sapient-reader-and-his-banishment.md): The author directly addresses the 'sapient reader,' defending his portrayal of Vera Pavlovna, Kirsanov, and Lopukhov as ordinary, decent people rather than idealized heroes. He argues that they stand on a height attainab
- [Part IV: Second Marriage](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/part-iv-second-marriage.md): Vera Pavlovna marries Kirsanov after Lopukhov's apparent suicide, and they establish a new household based on equality and mutual respect. The chapter explores their domestic life, the continuation of Vera's sewing coope
- [I](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/i.md): A letter from an acquaintance of the late Dmitri Lopukhóf to Viéra Pavlovna explains the reasons for the failure of their marriage, focusing on the fundamental difference in their need for solitude versus sociability, an
- [II](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ii.md): Vera Pavlovna writes a letter to a friend reflecting on Dmitri Lopukhov's suicide, her relationship with Aleksandr Kirsanov, and her feelings of independence. She discusses Lopukhov's theory of egotism, her own self-just
- [III](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iii.md): The narrator reflects on the correspondence between Kirsánof and an unnamed correspondent, noting the sincere yet warped nature of the letters as both parties try to diminish the strength of their shocks. The narrator co
- [IV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iv.md): Vera Pavlovna rests after a busy morning, reflecting on her work establishing a new sewing cooperative in her new neighborhood. She notes that Mrs. Mertsálova has become capable of managing the original shop independentl
- [V](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/v.md): Vera Pavlovna reflects on her relationship with Lopukhóf after he leaves for Riazan. She struggles with her desire to follow him and the realization that he does not wish it, leading to an internal conflict over whether 
- [Chapter VI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vi.md): Vera Pavlovna reflects on her past and present, feeling a growing dissatisfaction that she cannot initially pinpoint. She realizes this feeling is not personal but seems to represent the dissatisfaction of thousands or m
- [VII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vii.md): Vera Pavlovna and Kirsanov read a new poem by Nekrasov together, discussing its verses and reflecting on the nature of women's strength, love, and personal necessity. Vera argues that women's organisms are stronger than 
- [VIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/viii.md): Vera Pavlovna resolves to pursue a meaningful vocation to achieve equality with her husband Kirsanov, reflecting on the differences between her relationships with Lopukhov and Kirsanov and the new possibilities for her p
- [IX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ix.md): Vera Pavlovna reflects on the limited paths available to women in society, noting that most channels of civilized life are closed by law or custom, leaving only domestic life and a few overcrowded occupations like govern
- [X](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/x.md): Viéra Pavlovna tests her nerves for medical study by visiting the hospital with Kirsánof. She overcomes fear through active work, reflecting on the necessity of independence for true happiness.
- [XI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xi.md): A year has passed since Vera Pavlovna's marriage to Kirsanov, and her days follow a peaceful, structured routine. She studies medicine with Kirsanov's help, balancing domestic life, her sewing cooperative, and her pursui
- [XII: A Digression Concerning Blue Stockings](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xii-a-digression-concerning-blue-stockings.md): The narrator addresses the 'sapient reader' who criticizes blue stockings as dull and tedious. The narrator turns the critique back on the reader, arguing that the true blue stocking is the man who pretentiously discusse
- [XIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiii.md): The narrator describes how Vera Pavlovna's evenings have evolved after reuniting with Kirsánov, now spent in a harmonious circle of young families who share similar sentiments. The chapter extols the 'new dispensation' o
- [XIV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiv.md): In this chapter, Vera and Sasha (Kirsanov) reflect on their three years of marriage, discussing how their love has deepened and strengthened over time. They explore the nature of love as a stimulus for intellectual and m
- [XV: Viéra Pavlovna’s Fourth Dream](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xv-vi-ra-pavlovna-s-fourth-dream.md): In her fourth dream, Viéra Pavlovna encounters a radiant goddess who reveals herself as the embodiment of love, freedom, and equality. The goddess explains that she combines the qualities of earlier queens—Astarte, Aphro
- [Chapter XVI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvi.md): A year later, the sewing cooperative has expanded, with two shops closely connected and a new sale-shop opened on the Nevsky under the sign 'Au Bon Travail.' Vera Pavlovna and Mertsálova dream of further expansion, but a
- [XVII: A Letter from Ekaterina Vasílyevna Pólozova](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvii-a-letter-from-ekaterina-vas-lyevna-p-lozova.md): Katerina Vasílyevna writes to Paulina about her discovery of a sewing cooperative run by Viéra Pavlovna Kirsánova. She describes her visit to the shop, the living and working conditions of the seamstresses, and the econo
- [Part V: New People, and the Finale](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/part-v-new-people-and-the-finale.md): The final part of the novel presents the culmination of the 'new people's' ideals, showing the flourishing of Vera's sewing cooperative, the resolution of the love triangle through Lopukhóf's faked suicide and return as 
- [I](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/i.md): This chapter introduces the background of Katerina Vasílyevna's father, Pólozof, a retired cavalry captain who amassed a fortune through contracts and trade, only to lose it after a quarrel with an important personage. N
- [II](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ii.md): This chapter introduces Katerina Vasílyevna (Kátya), the only daughter of the wealthy Pólozof. Her father allows her considerable freedom, avoiding strict governesses and permitting her to read and dream undisturbed. Des
- [III](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iii.md): Kirsánof is called to consult on the mysterious illness of Katerina Vasílyevna, who is wasting away from unspoken love. He wins her trust by speaking candidly and offering to help her die if she wishes, then persuades he
- [IV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/iv.md): Katerina Vasílyevna's health declines due to her secret attachment to Jean Sólovtsof, whom her father has forbidden her to marry. Despite her love for her father and respect for his judgment, she cannot confess the true 
- [Chapter V](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/v.md): Kirsánof diagnoses Katerina Vasílyevna Pólozova's illness as stemming from unrequited love for Jean Sólovtsof. He confronts her father, Pólozof, who stubbornly refuses to allow the match, believing death is preferable. K
- [VI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vi.md): Kirsánof orchestrates a medical consultation to manipulate Pólozof into allowing his daughter to recover from her illness and reconsider her engagement to Sólovtsof. By staging a false diagnosis that she must be given mo
- [VII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/vii.md): Kirsánof helps Katerina Vasílyevna see the true character of her fiancé, Sólovtsof, by subtly guiding conversations that reveal his greed and coldness. She postpones the wedding and breaks off the engagement after Sólovt
- [VIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/viii.md): Katerina Vasílyevna's melancholy after the Sólovtsof episode leads her to reflect on wealth, poverty, and the deceit of those around her. She finds solace in reading and dreaming of heroines like Geneviève and Miss Night
- [IX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/ix.md): Pólozof works to sell his stearine factory and finds a buyer in Charles Beaumont, an agent for a London firm. After lengthy negotiations, Beaumont finally agrees to dine with Pólozof.
- [X](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/x.md): Charles Beaumont recounts his background: born in Russia to a French-Canadian family, raised in the Tambof region, later moved to New York after his father's death, and eventually returned to Russia as an agent for an En
- [XI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xi.md): Beaumont dines with Pólozof and his daughter Katerina Vasílyevna, discussing her melancholy and desire for meaningful activity. Katerina expresses frustration with societal constraints on women and her wish to do practic
- [XII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xii.md): Katerina Vasílyevna visits Vera Pavlovna's sewing cooperative and becomes enthusiastic about the enterprise. She shares her impressions with Charles Beaumont, who shows a keen but cautious interest in Vera Pavlovna, aski
- [XIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiii.md): Beaumont becomes a frequent visitor at the Pólozofs', and Pólozof considers him an excellent match for Katerina Vasílyevna, valuing his character, self-made success, and American citizenship. Beaumont takes a careful ste
- [XIV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xiv.md): Beaumont visits Katerina Vasílyevna, who initially receives him coolly due to suspicion about his interest in the Kirsánofs. Over several visits, she warms to him, finding him sympathetic and understanding. She eventuall
- [XV](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xv.md): Katerina Vasílyevna's enthusiasm for Beaumont deepens into a steady, bright mood, and she believes it draws him closer to her. Beaumont expresses interest in the Kirsánofs but only to confirm their happiness, leading Kat
- [Chapter XVI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvi.md): Katerina Vasílyevna, worried by Beaumont's absence, visits him to check on his well-being. He explains he scratched his arm at the factory and stayed away to avoid troubling her. They discuss Thackeray's novel and other 
- [XVII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xvii.md): The narrator reflects on the unconventional behavior of Katerina Vasílyevna and Charles Beaumont, who interact with a calm, unromantic ease that defies societal norms. Their meetings are free and untroubled, leading the 
- [XVIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xviii.md): Beaumont and Katerina Vasílyevna engage in a series of conversations about the difficulties women face in making a wise marriage choice due to lack of experience and societal constraints. They discuss the risks of decept
- [XIX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xix.md): Katerina Vasílyevna visits Vera Pavlovna to announce her impending marriage to Beaumont, revealing that Beaumont came to Petersburg specifically to meet Vera and that he knows her personally. Vera, excited, calls in Alek
- [Chapter XX](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xx.md): Beaumont recounts his life story after arriving in the United States, including his naturalization, alliance with the Abolitionists, and work for a New York firm, providing a narrative that aligns with known events.
- [XXI](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxi.md): The Beaumonts and Kirsánofs agree to find adjoining apartments. While waiting, the Beaumonts live at the factory, treating it as a wedding journey. After six weeks, suitable flats are found. Pólozof remains at the factor
- [XXII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxii.md): The chapter describes the harmonious and active lives of two families living in adjoining apartments, with Vera Pavlovna and Katerina Vasilyevna maintaining open doors and shared gatherings. Their sewing cooperatives con
- [XXIII](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/xxiii.md): A party is held where a lady in mourning appears, causing a brief disturbance. The evening proceeds with singing, dancing, and storytelling, including a ballad about a brigand lover. Viéra Pavlovna and Katerina Vasílyevn
- [Part VI: Change of Scenes](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/part-vi-change-of-scenes.md): The chapter opens with a lady in mourning who has now transformed into a bright pink dress, accompanied by Mosolof, Nikítin, and a man of thirty years. The narrator reveals that the lady first met Nikítin over two years 
- [Endnotes](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/what_is_to_be_done_se/chapters/endnotes.md): The endnotes provide translator's commentary and clarifications on various aspects of the novel, including cultural references, Russian customs, linguistic nuances, and historical context. They also highlight Chernyshevs

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