# Endnotes explained — The Prince and the Pauper

> Chapter companion for The Prince and the Pauper by Mark Twain.

## What happens

The endnotes provide historical context and commentary on the events and institutions referenced in the novel, including the founding of Christ's Hospital by Edward VI, the repeal of harsh laws under his reign, and various legal and social practices of the Tudor period.

## Themes in this chapter

### Mercy and Redemption

Edward VI's repeal of harsh laws and his founding of charitable institutions reflect themes of mercy and redemption.

### Justice and Injustice

The endnotes highlight the injustice of laws like boiling to death and attainder without trial, contrasted with Edward's reforms.

### Power and Corruption

Henry VIII's manipulation of Parliament to condemn Norfolk exemplifies the corruption of absolute power.

## Character check-ins

### Edward VI

Historical Edward VI is credited with founding Christ's Hospital and other charities, and with repealing harsh laws, showing his merciful character.

### Henry VIII

Henry VIII is mentioned in relation to the condemnation of the Duke of Norfolk and the harsh laws of his reign, which were later repealed.

### Duke of Norfolk

The Duke of Norfolk was condemned under Henry VIII but narrowly escaped execution due to the king's death.

### Lord Hertford

Lord Hertford is noted as the young king's uncle, a man of moderation and probity, who helped pass laws mitigating the rigor of former statutes.

### Bishop Ridley

Bishop Ridley was instrumental in the founding of Christ's Hospital, at the request of King Edward VI.

## Key lines

> Edward would not let him (Bishop Ridley) depart till the letter was written (to the Lord Mayor), and then charged him to deliver it himself, and signify his special request and commandment that no time might be lost in proposing what was convenient, and apprising him of the proceedings.

King Edward insisted that Bishop Ridley write the letter to the Lord Mayor immediately and deliver it personally, urging prompt action.

_Shows Edward's personal involvement and urgency in founding Christ's Hospital._

> By these repeals several of the most rigorous laws that ever had passed in England were annulled; and some dawn, both of civil and religious liberty, began to appear to the people.

The repeal of these harsh laws marked the beginning of civil and religious freedom for the English people.

_Highlights the progressive nature of Edward VI's reign._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_prince_and_the_pauper_se/chapters/endnotes
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_prince_and_the_pauper_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_prince_and_the_pauper_se/chapters