# XXI explained — The Mirror of the Sea

> Chapter companion for The Mirror of the Sea by Joseph Conrad.

## What happens

The chapter reflects on the nature of strandings at sea, the shock and self-reproach they cause, and the captain's profound sense of guilt and isolation. The narrator recounts a personal experience as chief mate during a non-fatal stranding, highlighting the captain's silent distress and the mate's contrasting elation in the salvage effort.

## Themes in this chapter

### Man vs. Nature

The chapter explores the sudden, overwhelming confrontation with natural hazards like reefs and shoals, and the struggle to save the ship.

### Nostalgia and Loss

The captain's sense of loss and the irreversible change in perspective after a stranding reflect a deep nostalgia for the former self and trust.

### Routine and Monotony

The disruption of daily routines, such as the captain missing his shave, underscores the break from normalcy caused by the stranding.

## Character check-ins

### Mr. B⸺

The narrator, serving as chief mate during a stranding, describes his own role in laying out anchors and his professional satisfaction.

### Captain B⸺

The captain of the stranded ship, depicted as motionless, unshaven, and deeply affected by the grounding, muttering about the captain putting the ship ashore.

## Key lines

> That is why your 'strandings' are for the most part so unexpected. In fact, they are all unexpected, except those heralded by some short glimpse of the danger, full of agitation and excitement, like an awakening from a dream of incredible folly.

Strandings usually catch you by surprise, unless you get a brief, frantic warning that feels like waking from a foolish dream.

_The narrator explains the suddenness of groundings and the shock of realization._

> The ship is lost or not lost. Once stranded, you have to do your best by her. She may be saved by your efforts, by your resource and fortitude bearing up against the heavy weight of guilt and failure.

Whether the ship is lost or can be saved, once aground you must work to rescue her, carrying the burden of guilt and possible failure.

_The narrator describes the captain's duty and emotional weight after a stranding._

> It's the captain who puts the ship ashore; it's we who get her off.

The captain is responsible for the grounding, but the crew works to refloat her.

_The narrator reflects on the captain's ultimate accountability versus the crew's role in salvage._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_mirror_of_the_sea_se/chapters/xxi
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_mirror_of_the_sea_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_mirror_of_the_sea_se/chapters