# Titles of Rank and Address explained — The Deluge

> Chapter companion for The Deluge by Henryk Sienkiewicz.

## What happens

This chapter explains the hierarchy of military ranks in Poland, specifically the grand hetman and field-hetman, and clarifies the proper translation and usage of terms like 'your worthiness' and the honorifics Pan, Pani, and Panna.

## Key lines

> The highest military rank in Poland was grand hetman; next in order came field-hetman, which has appeared inadvertently in these volumes as full hetman.

Poland's top military rank was grand hetman, followed by field-hetman, mistakenly called full hetman in these volumes.

_Clarifies the correct hierarchy and a previous translation error._

> The terms Pan, Pani, and Panna are applied, respectively, to a gentleman, a married lady, and an unmarried lady; they are now equivalent to Mr., Mrs. or Madame, and Miss.

Pan, Pani, and Panna are Polish honorifics for a gentleman, married lady, and unmarried lady, similar to Mr., Mrs./Madame, and Miss.

_Explains the modern equivalents of these Polish titles._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_deluge_se/chapters/titles-of-rank-and-address
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_deluge_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/the_deluge_se/chapters