# The Border Crossing explained — Lavengro

> Chapter companion for Lavengro by George Borrow.

## What happens

Lavengro, Peter, and Winifred approach the Welsh border. Peter urges Lavengro to enter Wales, but Lavengro refuses, claiming he already knows Welsh from his boyhood studies and that he would only enter Wales in a grand manner befitting a translator of Ab Gwilym. He instead turns back with Jasper Petulengro, who appears at the ford. Peter gives Lavengro a Welsh Bible as a parting gift.

## Themes in this chapter

### Identity and Belonging

Lavengro's refusal to cross into Wales reflects his ambiguous sense of self and belonging, as he quotes Taliesin: 'none can say with positiveness whether I be fish or flesh.'

### Philology and Learning

Lavengro's claim to know Welsh from books and his translation of Ab Gwilym's odes highlight his philological pursuits.

### Adventure and Roving

The decision to turn back with Jasper Petulengro rather than enter Wales underscores Lavengro's roving, unpredictable path.

## Character check-ins

### Lavengro

Refuses to enter Wales, claiming he already knows Welsh and desires a grand entrance; turns back with Jasper Petulengro.

### Peter Williams

Urges Lavengro to enter Wales and learn Welsh; gives Lavengro his Welsh Bible.

### Winifred

Supports Peter's invitation, hoping to welcome Lavengro into Wales.

### Jasper Petulengro

Appears at the ford on horseback; Lavengro turns back to accompany him.

## Key lines

> When I go into Wales, I should wish to go in a new suit of superfine black, with hat and beaver, mounted on a powerful steed, black and glossy, like that which bore Greduv to the fight of Catraeth.

Lavengro imagines entering Wales in fine clothes on a magnificent black horse, like a legendary warrior.

_Lavengro's romantic vision of a grand entrance contrasts with his current humble circumstances._

> I must answer in the words of Taliesin; none can say with positiveness whether I be fish or flesh, least of all myself.

Lavengro declares his identity is uncertain, quoting the ancient Welsh bard Taliesin.

_This reflects Lavengro's ongoing struggle with self-definition and belonging._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/lavengro_se/chapters/lxxx
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/lavengro_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/lavengro_se/chapters