# Of the Man explained — English as She Is Spoke > Chapter companion for English as She Is Spoke by Pedro Carolino. ## What happens This chapter presents an extensive vocabulary list organized by categories such as body parts, defects, trades, objects, food, animals, plants, games, church items, military terms, and more, reflecting a systematic but often erroneous attempt to catalog the world in English. ## Themes in this chapter ### Linguistic Absurdity The list contains many nonsensical or mistranslated terms (e.g., 'Lochsmith', 'Spendth', 'Heuth-cock'), highlighting the absurdity of the author's language learning method. ### Colonial and National Identity The vocabulary includes terms related to Portuguese and English colonial contexts, such as 'Avis, advice' and 'Honour Legion', reflecting national symbols and hierarchies. ### Everyday Life The extensive categorization of food, clothing, trades, and household items provides a glimpse into the material culture of 19th-century daily life. ## Character check-ins ### Unknown Narrator The narrator compiles a vast list of English words and phrases, demonstrating a methodical but flawed approach to language learning. ### Senhor Pedro Carolino As the author of the guide, Pedro Carolino is responsible for the vocabulary list, which contains numerous errors and absurdities. ## Key lines > Of the Man The Brain The inferior lip The brains The superior lip The fat of the leg The marrow The ham The reins Parts of the human body, including the brain, lips, leg fat, marrow, ham, and kidneys. _The list begins with body parts, mixing correct and incorrect anatomical terms._ > Defects of the body A blind A left handed A lame An ugly A bald A squint-eyed A deaf Physical impairments and traits: blind, left-handed, lame, ugly, bald, squint-eyed, deaf. _The author lists physical defects in a simplistic and sometimes offensive manner._ > Trades Starch-maker Porter Barber Chinaman Coffeeman Founder Porkshop-keeper Grave-digger Cartwright Tradesman Tinker, a brasier Stockingmender Nailer Lochsmith Occupations: starch-maker, porter, barber, Chinese person, coffee seller, metal founder, pork shop keeper, grave digger, cartwright, tradesman, tinker/brasier, stocking mender, nailer, locksmith. _The list of trades includes both common and unusual jobs, with 'Chinaman' reflecting racial stereotyping._ > Objects of man The boots The lining The buckles The clogs The buttons-holes The wig The buskins The morning-gown, night-gown Men's items: boots, lining, buckles, clogs, buttonholes, wig, buskins, morning gown, night gown. _Clothing and accessories for men are listed, with some terms like 'buskins' being archaic._ > Woman objects The busk The paint or disguise The sash The spindle The cornet The patches The pumps The skate Women's items: corset busk, makeup or disguise, sash, spindle, cornet, patches, pumps, skate. _The list mixes clothing, cosmetics, and tools, with 'skate' possibly referring to a type of shoe or fish._ > Servants Coochmann Spendth Running footman Business-man Groome Servants: coachman, spendthrift, running footman, businessman, groom. _The term 'spendth' appears to be a mistranslation or error for 'spendthrift'._ > Diseases The apoplexy The megrime The scrofulas The whitlow The melancholy The rheumatisme The vomitory Diseases: apoplexy, migraine, scrofula, whitlow, melancholy, rheumatism, vomitory. _The list includes both medical conditions and a term ('vomitory') that is not a disease but a means of inducing vomiting._ > Parties a Town The butchery The low eating house The cause-way The obelis-ks The sink The prison, geol Parts of a town: butchery, low eating house, causeway, obelisks, sink, prison (jail). _The list includes urban features, with 'obelis-ks' showing a hyphenated spelling._ > Kitchen utensils The skimming-dish The spark The potlid The fire The pothanger The smoke The spunge The clout The jack Kitchen utensils: skimming dish, spark, pot lid, fire, pot hanger, smoke, sponge, cloth, jack. _Some items like 'spark' and 'smoke' are not utensils but are included erroneously._ > Of the bed The bed wood The feet’s bed The bed battom The pillar’s bed The head’s bed Parts of a bed: bed frame, foot of the bed, bed bottom, bed posts, head of the bed. _The author attempts to describe bed components with awkward phrasing._ > For the table Some knifes Some groceries Some crumb Eatings Some black pudding A little mine Some sugar-plum Hog fat Some wigs Some marchpanes A chitterling sausages An amelet A dainty-dishes A slice, steak A mutton shoulder Vegetables boiled to a pap Seasonings Some wing Some pinions Some cinnamon Some hog’slard Some oranges Some verjuice Drinkings Some orgeat Some paltry wine Some sirup or sirop Table items: knives, groceries, crumbs, foods like black pudding, mince, sugar-plum, hog fat, wigs (possibly a mistranslation), marchpanes (marzipan), chitterling sausages, omelet, dainty dishes, steak, mutton shoulder, boiled vegetables, seasonings like wing and pinions (possibly poultry parts), cinnamon, hog's lard, oranges, verjuice; drinks: orgeat, poor wine, syrup. _This long list mixes food items with errors, such as 'wigs' for something else and 'pinions' as a seasoning._ > Quadruped’s beasts Lamb Rocbuck Ass Dragon Shi ass Wild sow Ass-colt Lioness Ram, aries Dormouse Four-legged animals: lamb, roebuck, donkey, dragon, she-ass, wild sow, donkey colt, lioness, ram (aries), dormouse. _The list includes real and mythical creatures, with 'dragon' appearing among livestock._ > Birds Becafico Heuth-cock Calander Whoop Stor Pea cock Yeung turkey Pinch Red-breast, a robin Birds: becafico (a type of warbler), heath-cock, calander (lark?), hoopoe, stork, peacock, young turkey, finch, redbreast (robin). _Spelling errors and invented names like 'Heuth-cock' and 'Whoop' obscure the intended bird names._ > Insects-reptiles Asp, aspic Fly Morpion Butter fly Serpent Insects and reptiles: asp/aspic, fly, morpion (a type of louse), butterfly, serpent. _The grouping mixes insects and reptiles, with 'morpion' being a specific parasitic insect._ > Fishes and shell-fishes Calamary Large lobster Dorado Snail A sorte of fish Wolf Hedge hog Torpedo Sea-calf Fish and shellfish: calamari, large lobster, dorado, snail, a type of fish, wolf (fish?), hedgehog (sea urchin?), torpedo (ray), seal. _The list includes both marine animals and misclassifications like 'hedge hog' for sea urchin._ > Trees Lote-tree lotos Service-tree Chest nut-tree Jujube-tree Linden-tree Trees: lote-tree (lotus), service tree, chestnut tree, jujube tree, linden tree. _The list includes both common and less familiar tree species._ > Flowers Anemony Mil-foils Blue-bottle Hink Turnsol Flowers: anemone, milfoils (yarrow), bluebottle (cornflower), hink (unknown), turnsol (sunflower or heliotrope). _Some flower names are obscure or misspelled, like 'Hink' and 'Turnsol'._ > Hunting Hunting dog Picker Relay dog Gun-powder Hound dog Priming-powder Hound’s fee Hunts man Hunting terms: hunting dog, picker (a type of dog?), relay dog, gunpowder, hound dog, priming powder, hound's fee, huntsman. _The list mixes hunting dogs and equipment, with 'picker' possibly a mistranslation._ > Colours White Gridelin Cray Musk Red Colors: white, gridelin (a gray-violet), cray (crayon or gray?), musk (a color?), red. _The color list includes unusual terms like 'gridelin' and 'musk'._ > Metals and minerals Starch Latten Cooper Plaster Vitriole Common stones Loadstones White lead Brick Gum-stone Metals and minerals: starch (not a metal), latten (brass-like alloy), copper, plaster, vitriol, common stones, lodestones, white lead, brick, gum-stone (a type of stone). _The list erroneously includes 'starch' and 'plaster' among metals and minerals._ > Weights Counterpoise An obole A pound an half A quater ounce Weights: counterpoise, an obole (a small weight), a pound and a half, a quarter ounce. _The list includes historical weight units like 'obole'._ > Games Foot-ball Pile Bar Mall Gleek Even or non even Carousal Keel Games: football, pile (a game?), bar mall (a game?), gleek (a card game), even or odd, carousal (a drinking game), keel (a game?). _The list includes both well-known and obscure games, with possible mistranslations._ > Perfumes Benzion Pomatum Perfume paw Storax Perfumes: benzion (benzoin), pomatum, perfume paw (paw perfume?), storax. _The list includes aromatic resins and cosmetic products, with 'perfume paw' being an odd phrase._ > On the church The sides of the nef The little cellal The holywater-pot The boby of the church Church parts: sides of the nave, little cell (chapel?), holy water pot, body of the church. _The author attempts to describe church architecture with errors like 'nef' for nave and 'cellal' for cell._ > Solemn-feasts The Deads-day The Vigil The Twelfth-Day The Visitation Solemn feasts: Day of the Dead, Vigil, Twelfth Day (Epiphany), Visitation (of Mary). _The list includes Christian holidays, with 'Deads-day' likely referring to All Souls' Day._ > Ecclesiastical dignities Incumbent General of an order Canon Penitentiary Canoness Theologist Chanter, a clerk General curate Church offices: incumbent, general of an order, canon penitentiary, canoness, theologian, chanter/clerk, general curate. _The list includes various clerical roles, some specific to certain traditions._ > Chivalry orders Black eagle Elephant Avis, advice Honour Legion Calatrava Saint Michaelmas Very-merit Orders of chivalry: Black Eagle, Elephant, Order of Aviz, Legion of Honour, Order of Calatrava, Order of St. Michael, Order of Merit. _The list includes European and Portuguese orders, with 'Very-merit' possibly referring to the Order of Merit._ > Degrees A cannoneer A general to galeries A vessel captain A great admiral A harbinger A king a lieutenant A parapet A quater master A army general A vice admiral’s ship Military ranks: cannoneer, general of galleys, vessel captain, great admiral, harbinger, king, lieutenant, parapet (a structure, not a rank), quartermaster, army general, vice admiral's ship. _The list mixes ranks with non-rank terms like 'parapet' and 'king'._ > Military objects The bait The fire pan An arquebuse A bomb ketch A bandoleer The military case A fusil, a gun Military objects: bait (decoy?), fire pan, arquebus, bomb ketch (a ship), bandoleer, military case, fusil (a gun). _The list includes weapons and equipment, with 'bait' being an unusual inclusion._ > Music’s instruments A flagelet A dreum A hurdy-gurdy Musical instruments: flageolet, drum, hurdy-gurdy. _The list includes a wind, a percussion, and a string instrument._ > Chastisements A fine To break upon Honourable fine To tear off the flesh To draw to four horses Punishments: a fine, breaking on the wheel, honorable fine, tearing off the flesh, drawing and quartering. _The list includes both monetary fines and brutal corporal punishments._ ## Links - HTML: 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