# Of Tranquillity (Freedom from Perturbation) explained — Discourses

> Chapter companion for Discourses by Epictetus.

## What happens

Epictetus argues that true tranquility comes from focusing only on what is within our power—our will, choices, and character—and being indifferent to externals like body, property, and reputation. He uses Socrates as a model of maintaining inner freedom even in the face of trial and death, and warns against subjecting oneself to externals, which leads to slavery. The chapter emphasizes that with proper preparation, one needs no external advice, as the mind can adapt to any circumstance.

## Themes in this chapter

### Dichotomy of Control

Central theme: tranquility is achieved by focusing only on what is in our power (will, character) and treating externals as indifferent.

### Freedom and Slavery

Epictetus contrasts the freedom of the person who maintains inner control with the slavery of one who subjects themselves to externals and the will of others.

## Character check-ins

### Socrates

Cited as the prime example of maintaining what is in one's own power, having prepared for his trial all his life by never doing injustice.

### Epictetus

The speaker and teacher, delivering the discourse on tranquility and the dichotomy of control.

### Anytus

Mentioned as one of Socrates' accusers, who can kill but not harm Socrates.

### Melitus

Mentioned alongside Anytus as an accuser of Socrates.

## Key lines

> For if you wish to maintain a will conformable to nature, you have every security, every facility, you have no troubles.

If you aim to keep your will aligned with nature, you will be completely secure and free from trouble.

_Epictetus asserts that focusing on inner virtue guarantees peace._

> I have maintained that which was in my own power. ... I have never done anything unjust either in my private or in my public life.

Socrates' lifelong preparation for trial consisted of always acting justly and controlling only what was within his power.

_Socrates' reply to those urging him to prepare for court._

> Anytus and Melitus can certainly kill me, but to harm me they are not able.

Socrates acknowledges his accusers can end his life, but they cannot damage his true self or virtue.

_Classic Stoic distinction between physical harm and moral harm._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/discourses_se/chapters/ii-of-tranquillity-freedom-from-perturbation
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/discourses_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/discourses_se/chapters