# Bulfinch’s Mythology — Chapters explained

> Chapter companions for Bulfinch’s Mythology by Thomas Bulfinch.

- [Publishers’ Preface](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/publishers-preface.md): The publishers introduce Thomas Bulfinch, his background, and his works, explaining the additions made to this edition, including expanded Northern Mythology, British hero myths, and a revised index.
- [Author's Preface](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/author-s-preface.md): Thomas Bulfinch introduces his work on mythology, arguing that knowledge of classical and medieval fables is essential for understanding English literature. He explains his method of retelling myths in prose to make them
- [Bulfinch's Mythology](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/bulfinch-s-mythology.md): This chapter provides an overview of classical and medieval myths, including stories of gods, heroes, and legendary figures from Greek, Roman, and Arthurian traditions, as compiled by Thomas Bulfinch.
- [Stories of Gods and Heroes](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/stories-of-gods-and-heroes.md): This chapter introduces the foundational myths of gods and heroes, exploring their origins, adventures, and the moral lessons embedded in their stories. It covers the rise of Jupiter, the abduction of Proserpine, and the
- [Introduction](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/i-introduction.md): This introductory chapter explains that the ancient Greek and Roman religions are no longer practiced but remain vital through their myths, which are essential for understanding classical and modern literature. It descri
- [Roman Divinities](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/roman-divinities.md): This chapter introduces the distinct Roman deities, including Saturn, Faunus, Quirinus, Bellona, Terminus, Pales, Pomona, Flora, Lucina, Vesta, Liber, Mulciber, Janus, the Penates, the Lares, and the concepts of Genius a
- [Prometheus and Pandora](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ii-prometheus-and-pandora.md): This chapter recounts the Greek myth of creation, beginning with Chaos and the separation of earth, sea, and sky. It describes how Prometheus and Epimetheus were tasked with creating man and animals, and how Prometheus s
- [III: Apollo and Daphne—Pyramus and Thisbe—Cephalus and Procris](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iii-apollo-and-daphne-pyramus-and-thisbe-cephalus-and-procris.md): The chapter recounts three tragic love stories from classical mythology. First, Apollo, after slaying the serpent Python, is struck by Cupid's golden arrow and pursues the nymph Daphne, who, fleeing his advances, is tran
- [Apollo and Daphne](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/apollo-and-daphne.md): Apollo, proud after slaying Python, mocks Cupid's archery, prompting Cupid to shoot him with a golden arrow of love and Daphne with a leaden arrow of aversion. Apollo pursues the nymph Daphne, who flees in horror and pra
- [Pyramus and Thisbe](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/pyramus-and-thisbe.md): The tragic love story of Pyramus and Thisbe, two Babylonian youths forbidden to marry by their parents. They communicate through a crack in the wall and plan to elope, meeting at the Tomb of Ninus under a white mulberry 
- [Cephalus and Procris](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/cephalus-and-procris.md): Cephalus, a beautiful youth devoted to hunting, is loved by Aurora but remains faithful to his wife Procris. Procris, favored by Diana, gives him a magical dog and javelin. After a race between the dog Lelaps and a ravag
- [IV: Juno and Her Rivals, Io and Callisto—Diana and Actaeon—Latona and the Rustics](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iv-juno-and-her-rivals-io-and-callisto-diana-and-actaeon-latona-and-the-rustics.md): Juno's jealousy leads her to punish Jupiter's mortal lovers Io and Callisto, transforming Io into a heifer guarded by Argus and Callisto into a bear before Jupiter places them among the stars. Diana punishes Actaeon for 
- [Callisto](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/callisto.md): Juno, jealous of Callisto for captivating Jupiter, transforms her into a bear. Callisto retains her human consciousness and suffers greatly, even nearly being killed by her own son Arcas. Jupiter intervenes, snatching bo
- [Diana and Actaeon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/diana-and-actaeon.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Actaeon, who accidentally stumbles upon the goddess Diana bathing with her nymphs in a secluded cave. As punishment for invading her privacy, Diana splashes water on him and transforms hi
- [Latona and the Rustics](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/latona-and-the-rustics.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Latona, who, while fleeing Juno's jealousy and carrying her infant twins Apollo and Diana, is denied water by Lycian rustics. In anger, she curses them, and they are transformed into frog
- [Phaëton](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/v-pha-ton.md): Phaëton, son of Apollo and Clymene, seeks proof of his divine parentage after being mocked. He travels to the Sun's palace, where his father Phoebus reluctantly grants him a wish. Phaëton asks to drive the sun chariot fo
- [Midas—Baucis and Philemon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/vi-midas-baucis-and-philemon.md): The chapter recounts two myths from Phrygia. First, King Midas is granted the golden touch by Bacchus, which becomes a curse until he washes it away in the Pactolus River. He later judges a music contest between Pan and 
- [Baucis and Philemon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/baucis-and-philemon.md): Jupiter and Mercury, disguised as weary travelers, seek shelter in Phrygia but are turned away by all except the elderly couple Baucis and Philemon, who offer humble hospitality. The gods reveal themselves, spare the cou
- [Proserpine—Glaucus and Scylla](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/vii-proserpine-glaucus-and-scylla.md): This chapter recounts the myth of Proserpine's abduction by Pluto, Ceres' search for her daughter, and the origin of the seasons. It also tells the story of Glaucus, a fisherman turned sea-god, who falls in love with Scy
- [Glaucus and Scylla](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/glaucus-and-scylla.md): Glaucus, a fisherman transformed into a sea-god, falls in love with the nymph Scylla, who spurns him. He seeks the help of the enchantress Circe, who, jealous of his devotion to Scylla, uses her magic to transform Scylla
- [VIII: Pygmalion—Dryope—Venus and Adonis—Apollo and Hyacinthus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/viii-pygmalion-dryope-venus-and-adonis-apollo-and-hyacinthus.md): This chapter recounts four classical myths of love, transformation, and loss. Pygmalion, a sculptor who abhors women, falls in love with his own ivory statue, which Venus brings to life. Dryope unknowingly plucks a lotus
- [Dryope](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/dryope.md): Dryope and her sister Iole gather flowers by a stream, but Dryope unknowingly breaks branches from the nymph Lotis, who had been transformed into a lotus plant. As punishment, Dryope is gradually turned into a tree, whil
- [Venus and Adonis](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/venus-and-adonis.md): Venus is accidentally wounded by Cupid's arrow and falls deeply in love with the mortal Adonis. She abandons her heavenly haunts to follow him through the wilderness, warning him to avoid dangerous beasts like lions and 
- [Apollo and Hyacinthus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/apollo-and-hyacinthus.md): Apollo, the god of music and archery, falls deeply in love with the mortal youth Hyacinthus. They spend their days together in various sports and pastimes until a tragic accident occurs during a game of quoits. Apollo's 
- [Ceyx and Halcyone: or, the Halcyon Birds](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ix-ceyx-and-halcyone-or-the-halcyon-birds.md): King Ceyx of Thessaly, grieving over his brother's death and ominous signs, decides to consult the oracle of Apollo. His wife Halcyone, daughter of Aeolus, pleads to accompany him but he refuses. During the voyage, a vio
- [Vertumnus and Pomona](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/x-vertumnus-and-pomona.md): Pomona, a wood-nymph devoted to gardening and fruit cultivation, spurns all suitors, including the god Vertumnus, who repeatedly gains access to her orchard in various disguises. Finally, he appears as an old woman and t
- [Cupid and Psyche](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xi-cupid-and-psyche.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Cupid and Psyche, in which the mortal princess Psyche, whose beauty rivals Venus, is forced to undergo a series of trials set by the jealous goddess. With Cupid's secret aid, Psyche compl
- [Cadmus—The Myrmidons](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xii-cadmus-the-myrmidons.md): Cadmus, sent by his father Agenor to find his sister Europa, consults the oracle of Apollo and is told to follow a cow and build a city where it stops. He follows the cow to the plain of Panope, where he decides to offer
- [The Myrmidons](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-myrmidons.md): King Aeacus recounts to Cephalus the devastating plague sent by Juno that destroyed the people of Aegina, and how he prayed to Jupiter, who transformed ants into a new race of diligent subjects called the Myrmidons, who 
- [XIII: Nisus and Scylla—Echo and Narcissus—Clytie—Hero and Leander](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xiii-nisus-and-scylla-echo-and-narcissus-clytie-hero-and-leander.md): This chapter recounts four tragic love stories from classical mythology. In 'Nisus and Scylla,' Scylla betrays her father by cutting off his magical purple lock to win King Minos, who rejects her in horror; she is transf
- [Nisus and Scylla](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/nisus-and-scylla.md): During the siege of Megara by Minos, King of Crete, Scylla, daughter of King Nisus, becomes infatuated with Minos. She cuts the purple lock of hair that protects her father's city, betraying her father and country. Minos
- [Echo and Narcissus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/echo-and-narcissus.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Echo, a nymph cursed by Juno to only repeat the last words of others, and her unrequited love for Narcissus, a beautiful youth who cruelly rejects her. Narcissus then falls in love with h
- [Clytie](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/clytie.md): Clytie, a water-nymph, pines away from unrequited love for Apollo, sitting on the cold ground for nine days without food or drink, her gaze fixed on the sun. She eventually transforms into a flower that constantly turns 
- [Hero and Leander](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/hero-and-leander.md): Leander, a youth of Abydos, swims nightly across the Hellespont to be with Hero, a priestess of Venus in Sestos, guided by her torch. One stormy night he drowns, and Hero, upon discovering his body, casts herself from th
- [XIV: Minerva—Niobe](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xiv-minerva-niobe.md): This chapter recounts the myths of Minerva, the goddess of wisdom, and the tragic stories of Arachne and Niobe. Minerva, born from Jupiter's brain, presides over arts and defensive war, winning Athens by producing the ol
- [Minerva](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/minerva.md): The chapter recounts the contest between Minerva, goddess of wisdom, and the mortal Arachne, a skilled weaver who boasts that her craft surpasses even the goddess's. Disguised as an old woman, Minerva warns Arachne again
- [Niobe](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/niobe.md): Niobe, queen of Thebes, proud of her seven sons and seven daughters, mocks the goddess Latona for having only two children, Apollo and Diana, and forbids the people from worshiping her. In revenge, Apollo and Diana slay 
- [XV: The Graeae or Gray-Maids—Perseus—Medusa—Atlas—Andromeda](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xv-the-graeae-or-gray-maids-perseus-medusa-atlas-andromeda.md): This chapter recounts the myth of Perseus, son of Jupiter and Danaë, who is sent to slay the Gorgon Medusa. With aid from Minerva and Mercury, he beheads Medusa while she sleeps. Later, he turns Atlas to stone using Medu
- [The Graeae and the Gorgons](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-graeae-and-the-gorgons.md): This chapter introduces the Graeae, three gray-haired sisters, and the Gorgons, monstrous females with swine-like teeth, brazen claws, and snaky hair. It focuses on Medusa, the most famous Gorgon, and presents a modern t
- [Perseus and Medusa](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/perseus-and-medusa.md): Perseus, son of Jupiter and Danaë, is set adrift with his mother by his grandfather Acrisius due to a prophecy. They are rescued by King Polydectes, who later sends Perseus to slay Medusa, a once-beautiful maiden turned 
- [Perseus and Atlas](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/perseus-and-atlas.md): Perseus, after slaying Medusa, seeks rest in the realm of King Atlas, but Atlas, fearing a prophecy that a son of Jove would steal his golden apples, refuses him. Perseus then uses the Gorgon's head to turn Atlas into a 
- [The Sea-Monster](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-sea-monster.md): Perseus, flying over Aethiopia, sees Andromeda chained to a rock as a sacrifice to a sea-monster, sent because her mother Cassiopeia boasted she was more beautiful than the Sea-Nymphs. Perseus rescues her by slaying the 
- [The Wedding Feast](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-wedding-feast.md): Perseus and Andromeda celebrate their wedding with a feast, but Phineus, Andromeda's former betrothed, bursts in with armed followers demanding her. After Cepheus's failed remonstrations, a battle ensues. Perseus uses th
- [Monsters](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xvi-monsters.md): This chapter catalogs various mythological monsters, including the Sphinx, the Chimaera, the Centaurs, the Pygmies, and the Griffin. It recounts the tragic story of Oedipus and the Sphinx, the tale of Bellerophon and the
- [Giants, Sphinx, Pegasus and Chimaera, Centaurs, Griffin, and Pygmies](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/giants-sphinx-pegasus-and-chimaera-centaurs-griffin-and-pygmies.md): This chapter catalogs various mythological monsters, describing their unnatural proportions, hybrid forms, and the terror they inspired. It distinguishes between human-like giants such as Cyclopes and Antaeus, who intera
- [The Sphinx](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-sphinx.md): Laius, king of Thebes, orders his newborn son killed to avoid a prophecy, but the child is rescued and raised as Oedipus. Years later, Oedipus unknowingly kills his father Laius on the road. He then solves the riddle of 
- [Pegasus and the Chimaera](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/pegasus-and-the-chimaera.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Bellerophon, who, after being sent to his death by King Iobates via a letter from Proetus, is tasked with slaying the fire-breathing Chimaera. With the help of the winged horse Pegasus, t
- [The Centaurs](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-centaurs.md): This chapter describes the Centaurs as mythical beings with the upper body of a man and the lower body of a horse, noting that they were among the few monsters of antiquity attributed with good traits. It recounts the ba
- [The Pygmies](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-pygmies.md): This chapter describes the Pygmies, a mythical nation of dwarfs about thirteen inches tall, who lived near the Nile's sources or in India. It recounts their annual war with migrating cranes and their futile attack on the
- [The Griffin, or Gryphon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-griffin-or-gryphon.md): This chapter describes the Griffin, a mythical creature with the body of a lion and the head and wings of an eagle, known for nesting in mountains of gold in India and guarding treasures from the one-eyed Arimaspians. It
- [The Golden Fleece—Medea](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xvii-the-golden-fleece-medea.md): Jason, with the help of Medea, the sorceress daughter of King Aeëtes, successfully yokes fire-breathing bulls, sows dragon's teeth that spawn armed men, and lulls the guardian dragon to sleep to seize the Golden Fleece. 
- [The Golden Fleece](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-golden-fleece.md): The chapter recounts the myth of the Golden Fleece, beginning with King Athamas and Queen Nephele, their children Phryxus and Helle, and the ram with the golden fleece that carries Phryxus to Colchis. It then follows Jas
- [Medea and Aeson](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/medea-and-aeson.md): Medea uses her sorcery to rejuvenate Jason's aged father Aeson, but later deceives the daughters of Pelias into murdering their own father. After Jason abandons her for Creusa, Medea exacts a terrible revenge by sending 
- [Meleager and Atalanta](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xviii-meleager-and-atalanta.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Meleager, whose life is tied to a brand saved by his mother Althea. After Meleager slays the Calydonian boar and gives the trophy to Atalanta, his uncles' envy leads him to kill them. Alt
- [Atalanta](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/atalanta.md): Atalanta, a maiden who fled from marriage due to a prophecy, challenges suitors to a race where losers face death. Hippomenes, aided by Venus's golden apples, wins the race and marries her. Their ingratitude to Venus lea
- [XIX: Hercules—Hebe and Ganymede](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xix-hercules-hebe-and-ganymede.md): This chapter recounts the life and labors of Hercules, son of Jupiter and Alcmena, from his miraculous infancy to his apotheosis. It details the Twelve Labors imposed by Eurystheus, including the Nemean lion, the Hydra, 
- [Hercules](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/hercules.md): This chapter recounts the life and labors of Hercules, the son of Jupiter and Alcmena, from his miraculous infancy to his apotheosis. It details the Twelve Labors imposed by Eurystheus, including the Nemean lion, the Hyd
- [Hebe and Ganymede](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/hebe-and-ganymede.md): This chapter recounts the myth of Hebe, goddess of youth and cupbearer to the gods, who either resigned her position upon marrying Hercules or was dismissed after a fall. Her successor was the Trojan boy Ganymede, whom J
- [Theseus—Daedalus—Castor and Pollux](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xx-theseus-daedalus-castor-and-pollux.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Theseus, son of Aegeus, who proves his heroism by overcoming robbers like Periphetes and Procrustes, then volunteers as tribute to Crete to slay the Minotaur with Ariadne's help. After ab
- [Theseus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/theseus.md): The chapter recounts the life and adventures of Theseus, son of Aegeus, king of Athens. It describes his heroic journey from Troezen to Athens, where he defeats several villains including Procrustes, escapes poisoning by
- [Olympic and Other Games](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/olympic-and-other-games.md): This chapter describes the major national games of ancient Greece, including the Olympic, Pythian, Isthmian, and Nemean games. It details their origins, locations, frequency, and the types of athletic and artistic contes
- [Daedalus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/daedalus.md): Daedalus, the master craftsman who built the labyrinth for King Minos, is imprisoned with his son Icarus. To escape, he crafts wings from feathers and wax. Despite his warnings, Icarus flies too close to the sun, the wax
- [Castor and Pollux](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/castor-and-pollux.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Castor and Pollux, the twin brothers born from Leda and Jupiter in swan form. It describes their rescue of their sister Helen, their skills in horsemanship and boxing, their role in the A
- [Bacchus—Ariadne](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxi-bacchus-ariadne.md): This chapter recounts the birth and adventures of Bacchus, son of Jupiter and Semele, including his nurturing by nymphs, discovery of the vine, madness inflicted by Juno, and his triumphant journey to establish his worsh
- [Bacchus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/bacchus.md): The chapter recounts the birth of Bacchus, son of Jupiter and Semele, and Juno's vengeful plot that led to Semele's destruction. Bacchus is raised by nymphs, discovers the vine, and after being driven mad by Juno, spread
- [Ariadne](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ariadne.md): Ariadne, daughter of King Minos, helps Theseus escape the labyrinth but is abandoned by him on the island of Naxos. Venus consoles her with the promise of an immortal lover, and Bacchus finds her, makes her his wife, and
- [The Rural Deities—Erisichthon—Rhoecus—The Water Deities—Camenae—Winds](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxii-the-rural-deities-erisichthon-rhoecus-the-water-deities-camenae-winds.md): This chapter describes various rural and water deities from classical mythology, including Pan, Sylvanus, Faunus, nymphs, and the gods of the sea such as Neptune, Amphitrite, Nereus, Triton, and Proteus. It recounts the 
- [The Rural Deities](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-rural-deities.md): This chapter describes Pan, the god of woods and fields, his attributes, and his association with nature and music. It also covers other rural deities like Sylvanus and Faunus, various classes of nymphs (Naiads, Oreads, 
- [Erisichthon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/erisichthon.md): Erisichthon, a profane man, defiles a sacred grove of Ceres by cutting down a massive oak tree inhabited by a Dryad, despite warnings and a divine voice. In punishment, Ceres sends Famine to afflict him with insatiable h
- [Rhoecus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/rhoecus.md): Rhoecus saves an oak tree from falling, earning the gratitude of the Hamadryad nymph who lives within it. He asks for her love, and she agrees on the condition that he remain faithful, with a bee as her messenger. When R
- [The Water Deities](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-water-deities.md): This chapter describes the Titans Oceanus and Tethys, who originally ruled the waters, and their replacement by Neptune and Amphitrite after Jove and his brothers overthrew the Titans.
- [Neptune](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/neptune.md): This chapter introduces Neptune, the chief of the water deities, describing his symbols of power such as the trident, his creation of the horse, and his patronage of horse races. It depicts his chariot drawn by horses wi
- [Amphitrite](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/amphitrite.md): Amphitrite, daughter of Nereus and Doris, becomes the wife of Neptune after he courts her while riding a dolphin. In gratitude, Neptune places the dolphin among the stars.
- [Nereus and Doris](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/nereus-and-doris.md): This chapter introduces Nereus and Doris as the parents of the Nereids, highlighting the most famous Nereids: Amphitrite, Thetis (mother of Achilles), and Galatea, who was loved by the Cyclops Polyphemus. Nereus is noted
- [Triton and Proteus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/triton-and-proteus.md): This chapter introduces Triton, the son of Neptune and Amphitrite, who serves as his father's trumpeter, and Proteus, another son of Neptune known for his wisdom, knowledge of the future, and ability to change his shape 
- [Thetis](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/thetis.md): Thetis, a beautiful sea nymph and daughter of Nereus and Doris, was courted by Jupiter himself. However, a prophecy from Prometheus revealed that her son would surpass his father, so Jupiter arranged for her to marry a m
- [Leucothea and Palaemon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/leucothea-and-palaemon.md): Ino, daughter of Cadmus and wife of Athamas, flees her maddened husband with her son Melicertes and leaps into the sea. The gods transform them into sea deities: Ino becomes Leucothea and Melicertes becomes Palaemon. The
- [The Camenae](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-camenae.md): This chapter introduces the Camenae, the Latin equivalent of the Muses, who include fountain nymphs such as Egeria. It recounts the legend of Egeria's secret meetings with King Numa, where she imparted wisdom and laws fo
- [The Winds](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-winds.md): This chapter personifies the four winds—Boreas (Aquilo), Zephyrus (Favonius), Notus (Auster), and Eurus—focusing on the myths of Boreas and Orithyia, and Zephyrus and Flora, with poetic references from Milton and Dr. You
- [XXIII: Achelous and Hercules—Admetus and Alcestis—Antigone—Penelope](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxiii-achelous-and-hercules-admetus-and-alcestis-antigone-penelope.md): The chapter recounts four mythological tales: the wrestling match between the river-god Achelous and Hercules for Dejanira, resulting in the origin of the Cornucopia; the story of Admetus and Alcestis, where Alcestis vol
- [Achelous and Hercules](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/achelous-and-hercules.md): The river-god Achelous, hosting Theseus and his companions, recounts his defeat by Hercules in a struggle for Dejanira. He describes transforming into a serpent and a bull, but Hercules overpowered him and tore off his h
- [Admetus and Alcestis](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/admetus-and-alcestis.md): Apollo, after being condemned to serve a mortal for killing the Cyclopes, becomes the herdsman of King Admetus and helps him win Alcestis. When Admetus falls ill, the Fates agree to spare him if someone dies in his stead
- [Antigone](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/antigone.md): This chapter recounts the tragic story of Antigone, daughter of Oedipus and Jocasta, who exemplifies filial and sisterly devotion. After Oedipus's death, her brothers Eteocles and Polynices quarrel over the throne of The
- [Penelope](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/penelope.md): This chapter recounts the story of Penelope, the wife of Ulysses, celebrated for her fidelity and cleverness. It describes her marriage to Ulysses, her choice to remain loyal to him, and her cunning strategy of weaving a
- [Orpheus and Eurydice—Aristaeus—Amphion—Linus—Thamyris—Marsyas—Melampus—Musaeus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxiv-orpheus-and-eurydice-aristaeus-amphion-linus-thamyris-marsyas-melampus-musaeus.md): This chapter recounts the tragic love story of Orpheus and Eurydice, where Orpheus descends to the underworld to retrieve his wife after her death from a snakebite. He charms Pluto and Proserpine with his music, but lose
- [Orpheus and Eurydice](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/orpheus-and-eurydice.md): Orpheus, son of Apollo and Calliope, marries Eurydice, who dies from a snakebite. He descends to the underworld to retrieve her, charming Pluto and Proserpine with his music. They allow Eurydice to return on condition th
- [Aristaeus, the Beekeeper](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/aristaeus-the-beekeeper.md): Aristaeus, son of the water-nymph Cyrene, loses his bees and seeks his mother's aid. She instructs him to capture the sea-prophet Proteus, who reveals that the bees died as punishment for causing Eurydice's death. Arista
- [Amphion](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/amphion.md): Amphion, son of Jupiter and Antiope, and his twin brother Zethus are exposed at birth and raised by shepherds. Mercury gives Amphion a lyre. Their mother Antiope, abused by King Lycus and Dirce, summons her sons, who kil
- [Linus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/linus.md): Linus, the music instructor of Hercules, is killed by his pupil after a harsh reprimand.
- [Thamyris](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/thamyris.md): Thamyris, an ancient Thracian bard, presumptuously challenged the Muses to a contest of skill. After being defeated, the Muses punished him by taking away his sight. Milton references Thamyris among other blind bards whe
- [Marsyas](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/marsyas.md): Minerva invents the flute but discards it after Cupid mocks her appearance while playing. Marsyas finds the flute and becomes so skilled that he challenges Apollo to a musical contest. Apollo wins and punishes Marsyas by
- [Melampus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/melampus.md): Melampus, the first mortal with prophetic powers, gains the ability to understand the language of animals after serpents lick his ears. He uses this gift to foretell events and, while imprisoned, learns from woodworms th
- [Musaeus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/musaeus.md): This chapter introduces Musaeus, a semi-mythological figure often considered the son of Orpheus, known for composing sacred poems and oracles. Milton references him alongside Orpheus in 'Il Penseroso,' invoking their pow
- [Arion—Ibycus—Simonides—Sappho](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxv-arion-ibycus-simonides-sappho.md): This chapter recounts the legendary adventures of several ancient Greek poets: Arion, who escapes death at sea by leaping overboard and being rescued by dolphins; Ibycus, whose murder is revealed by cranes at a theatrica
- [Arion](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/arion.md): Arion, a famous musician and favorite of King Periander of Corinth, wins a musical contest in Sicily but is threatened by sailors who plot to kill him for his treasure. He requests to sing a final song, then leaps into t
- [Ibycus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ibycus.md): The pious poet Ibycus, on his way to the Isthmian games, is murdered by two robbers in a sacred grove. With his dying breath, he calls upon a flock of cranes to avenge him. Later, at the theatre, the performance of the F
- [Simonides](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/simonides.md): The chapter recounts the story of the Greek poet Simonides, known for his elegies and hymns, and his narrow escape from death at the court of King Scopas. After composing a poem that included praise of Castor and Pollux 
- [Sappho](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sappho.md): This chapter introduces Sappho, a poetess of early Greek literature, known for her passionate love for the youth Phaon. Unrequited, she leaps from the promontory of Leucadia into the sea, a 'Lover's-leap' believed to cur
- [Endymion—Orion—Aurora and Tithonus—Acis and Galatea](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxvi-endymion-orion-aurora-and-tithonus-acis-and-galatea.md): This chapter recounts several myths of love, loss, and transformation: the story of Endymion, the beautiful youth loved by Diana and granted eternal sleep; Orion, the giant hunter blinded by Oenopion, restored by the sun
- [Diana and Endymion](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/diana-and-endymion.md): The chapter recounts the myth of Endymion, a beautiful youth whom Diana, the moon goddess, loved and watched over as he slept. It explores interpretations of the story as a metaphor for poetic longing, dreamy life, and e
- [Orion](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/orion.md): Orion, son of Neptune, is a handsome giant and mighty hunter who loves Merope but is blinded by her father Oenopion after attempting to take her by force. Guided by Vulcan's servant Kedalion, Orion regains his sight from
- [Aurora and Tithonus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/aurora-and-tithonus.md): The goddess of the Dawn, Aurora, falls in love with the mortal Tithonus, son of King Laomedon of Troy. She obtains immortality for him from Jupiter but forgets to request eternal youth, leading to his gradual aging and e
- [Acis and Galatea](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/acis-and-galatea.md): Galatea tells Scylla the story of her love for Acis and the unwanted advances of the Cyclops Polyphemus. Polyphemus, transformed by love, tries to win Galatea, but when he discovers her with Acis, he kills Acis by hurlin
- [XXVII: The Trojan War](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxvii-the-trojan-war.md): This chapter recounts the origins and key events of the Trojan War, beginning with the Judgment of Paris and the abduction of Helen. It details the Greek armament, the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon, the withdraw
- [The Iliad](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-iliad.md): The chapter recounts the events of Homer's Iliad, focusing on the quarrel between Achilles and Agamemnon over the captive maidens Chryseis and Briseis, which leads Achilles to withdraw from the Trojan War. The Greeks suf
- [The Fall of Troy—Return of the Greeks—Orestes and Electra](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxviii-the-fall-of-troy-return-of-the-greeks-orestes-and-electra.md): This chapter recounts the final events of the Trojan War, including the deaths of Achilles, Ajax, and Paris, the stratagem of the wooden horse, and the fall of Troy. It then follows the returns of Menelaus and Helen to S
- [The Fall of Troy](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-fall-of-troy.md): The chapter recounts the final events of the Trojan War after Hector's death, including the arrival of allies Memnon and Penthesilea, the death of Achilles by Paris's arrow, the suicide of Ajax, the retrieval of Philocte
- [Menelaus and Helen](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/menelaus-and-helen.md): The chapter recounts the fate of Helen after the fall of Troy, her reconciliation with Menelaus, their stormy journey through the Mediterranean, their kind reception in Egypt, and their eventual return to Sparta where th
- [Agamemnon, Orestes, and Electra](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/agamemnon-orestes-and-electra.md): The chapter recounts the tragic story of the House of Atreus: Agamemnon's murder by his wife Clytemnestra and her lover Aegisthus upon his return from Troy, the rescue of his son Orestes by his sister Electra, Orestes' v
- [Troy](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/troy.md): This chapter discusses the historical uncertainty surrounding the city of Troy, focusing on the archaeological excavations conducted by Henry Schliemann in the late 19th century at Hissarlik. Schliemann uncovered multipl
- [Adventures of Ulysses—The Lotus-Eaters—Cyclopes—Circe—Sirens—Scylla and Charybdis—Calypso](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxix-adventures-of-ulysses-the-lotus-eaters-cyclopes-circe-sirens-scylla-and-charybdis-calypso.md): This chapter recounts the wanderings of Ulysses (Odysseus) after the Trojan War, including his encounters with the Lotus-Eaters, the Cyclops Polyphemus, the enchantress Circe, the Sirens, the monsters Scylla and Charybdi
- [Return of Ulysses](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/return-of-ulysses.md): The chapter recounts the adventures of Ulysses (Odysseus) as he attempts to return from Troy to his kingdom of Ithaca. It details his encounters with the Lotus-eaters, the Cyclops Polyphemus, and the island of Aeolus, hi
- [The Laestrygonians](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-laestrygonians.md): Ulysses and his crew encounter the barbarous Laestrygonians, who destroy all but Ulysses' ship. They then arrive at Circe's island, where she transforms half the crew into swine. With Mercury's help, Ulysses resists Circ
- [Scylla and Charybdis](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/scylla-and-charybdis.md): Ulysses, warned by Circe, navigates the perilous strait between the monsters Scylla and Charybdis. Scylla seizes six of his men, and later, despite his oath, his crew slaughters the sacred cattle of the Sun on Thrinakia,
- [Calypso](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/calypso.md): Calypso, a sea-nymph, hospitably receives Ulysses and falls in love with him, offering him immortality if he stays. Ulysses insists on returning to his wife and son. Jove commands Calypso to release him, and Mercury deli
- [The Phaeacians—Fate of the Suitors](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxx-the-phaeacians-fate-of-the-suitors.md): Ulysses, shipwrecked and naked, encounters Princess Nausicaa, who provides him with clothing and directs him to her father King Alcinoüs's palace. Guided by Minerva, he enters the splendid Phaeacian court, where he is we
- [The Phaeacians](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-phaeacians.md): Ulysses, shipwrecked and alone, is discovered by Princess Nausicaa and her maidens. Guided by Minerva, he gains the hospitality of King Alcinoüs and Queen Arete of the Phaeacians. After participating in games and hearing
- [Fate of the Suitors](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/fate-of-the-suitors.md): Ulysses returns to Ithaca after twenty years, disguised as a beggar by Minerva. He reunites with his son Telemachus and devises a plan to rid his palace of the suitors who have been vying for Penelope's hand. After a tri
- [Adventures of Aeneas—The Harpies—Dido—Palinurus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxi-adventures-of-aeneas-the-harpies-dido-palinurus.md): This chapter follows Aeneas and the Trojan exiles as they flee Troy after its fall, seeking a new homeland. They encounter various trials, including a cursed land in Thrace, an ambiguous oracle at Delos, a failed settlem
- [Adventures of Aeneas](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/adventures-of-aeneas.md): Aeneas escapes Troy with his father and son, loses his wife, and leads a fleet of Trojan refugees on a quest to find a new homeland. After consulting the oracle of Apollo and mistakenly attempting to settle in Crete, the
- [Dido](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/dido.md): Aeneas and his Trojan exiles arrive at Carthage, where Queen Dido, a Tyrian refugee herself, welcomes them with hospitality. Dido falls deeply in love with Aeneas, and he seems content to remain with her, forgetting his 
- [Palinurus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/palinurus.md): The Trojans, after a hospitable stop in Sicily, set sail for Italy. Venus intercedes with Neptune, who grants safe passage for Aeneas in exchange for one life. The pilot Palinurus is lulled to sleep by Somnus and cast ov
- [XXXII: The Infernal Regions—The Sibyl](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxii-the-infernal-regions-the-sibyl.md): Aeneas, guided by the Sibyl, descends into the underworld through a volcanic region near Vesuvius. They pass by various monsters and the river Cocytus, where Charon ferries souls. After encountering the unburied dead, in
- [The Infernal Regions](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-infernal-regions.md): Aeneas, guided by the Sibyl, descends into the underworld. They cross the river Styx with Charon, pass Cerberus, and witness the various punishments of the damned, including those who died by their own hand, victims of u
- [Elysium](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/elysium.md): This chapter explores the concept of Elysium across different classical authors. In Virgil, Elysium is an underworld paradise for blessed spirits. Homer places it on the western edge of the world, near Ocean, as a land o
- [The Sibyl](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-sibyl.md): Aeneas and the Sibyl return to earth, where the Sibyl reveals her mortal nature and her tragic story: she was offered immortality by Apollo in exchange for her love, but she refused and instead asked for as many birthday
- [Camilla—Evander—Nisus and Euryalus—Mezentius—Turnus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxiii-camilla-evander-nisus-and-euryalus-mezentius-turnus.md): Aeneas arrives at the Tiber's mouth, the destined end of his wanderings. King Latinus, warned by an oracle that his daughter Lavinia should marry a foreigner, welcomes the Trojans. Juno, enraged, sends Alecto to stir up 
- [Opening the Gates of Janus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/opening-the-gates-of-janus.md): The chapter describes the Roman custom of opening the temple of Janus to declare war. The old king refuses to perform the ceremony, but Juno herself bursts open the doors, igniting a war frenzy. Turnus is recognized as l
- [Camilla](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/camilla.md): Camilla, a huntress and warrior favored by Diana, joins Turnus's side with her band of mounted followers. Her history is recounted: her father Metabus, fleeing civil discord, ties her to a lance and hurls her across the 
- [Evander](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/evander.md): Aeneas receives a vision from the river god Tiber, who instructs him to seek an alliance with Evander, the Arcadian chief at odds with Turnus. Aeneas follows the divine guidance, sails up the Tiber, and is welcomed by Ev
- [Infant Rome](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/infant-rome.md): King Evander, an exile from Arcadia, welcomes Aeneas and recounts the early history of the site that will become Rome, from the golden age of Saturn to the tyranny of Mezentius. He proposes an alliance with the Etruscans
- [Nisus and Euryalus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/nisus-and-euryalus.md): During the absence of Aeneas, Turnus and his Rutulian forces attempt to surprise the Trojan camp. The Trojans, under strict orders not to engage, remain within their fortifications. As night falls, the Rutulians feast an
- [Mezentius](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/mezentius.md): Aeneas and his Etrurian allies arrive to rescue their camp, leading to a full-scale war. The tyrant Mezentius fights fiercely, killing many, but is wounded by Aeneas. His son Lausus intervenes and is slain by Aeneas, who
- [Pallas, Camilla, Turnus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/pallas-camilla-turnus.md): The chapter recounts the final conflicts of the Aeneid: Turnus slays the young Pallas in battle and takes his belt as a trophy; after a truce for burial, Camilla the virgin warrior is killed by Aruns, though Diana avenge
- [XXXIV: Pythagoras—Egyptian Deities—Oracles](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxiv-pythagoras-egyptian-deities-oracles.md): This chapter explores the philosophical and religious beliefs of the ancient world, beginning with the teachings of Pythagoras, including his doctrines of numbers, harmony, and the transmigration of souls. It then descri
- [Pythagoras](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/pythagoras.md): This chapter explores the life and teachings of Pythagoras, the ancient Greek philosopher born on Samos who later established a school at Crotona in Italy. It details his travels to Egypt and the East, his founding of a 
- [Sybaris and Crotona](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sybaris-and-crotona.md): This chapter contrasts the luxurious and effeminate city of Sybaris with the disciplined and strong city of Crotona. A war erupts between them, resulting in Sybaris's destruction, led by the famed athlete Milo. The chapt
- [Egyptian Deities](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/egyptian-deities.md): This chapter introduces the principal Egyptian deities, beginning with Amun (later identified with Zeus or Jupiter Ammon), who manifests through his word or will to create Kneph and Athor. From them proceed Osiris and Is
- [Myth of Osiris and Isis](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/myth-of-osiris-and-isis.md): Osiris and Isis descend to earth to bestow gifts on humanity, including agriculture, laws, marriage, and worship. Osiris travels to spread blessings, but his brother Typhon, envious, conspires to kill him by trapping him
- [Oracles](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/oracles.md): This chapter describes the nature and origins of oracles in ancient Greece, focusing on the oracle of Jupiter at Dodona and the more famous oracle of Apollo at Delphi. It explains how the oracles were established, the me
- [Oracle of Trophonius](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/oracle-of-trophonius.md): This chapter describes the oracle of Trophonius in Boeotia, its origin story involving the brothers Trophonius and Agamedes, and the peculiar rituals required to consult it, including the proverb about gloominess.
- [Oracle of Aesculapius](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/oracle-of-aesculapius.md): This chapter describes the oracles of Aesculapius, particularly the celebrated one at Epidaurus, where the sick sought healing through sleep in the temple, a practice likened to Animal Magnetism or Mesmerism. Serpents, s
- [Oracle of Apis](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/oracle-of-apis.md): This chapter discusses the Oracle of Apis at Memphis, where the sacred bull Apis gave responses based on whether he accepted or rejected food from inquirers. It explores various theories about the source of oracular resp
- [Origin of Mythology—Statues of Gods and Goddesses—Poets of Mythology](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxv-origin-of-mythology-statues-of-gods-and-goddesses-poets-of-mythology.md): This chapter explores the origins of pagan mythology through four main theories: Scriptural, Historical, Allegorical, and Physical. It then describes famous statues of the gods, including the Olympian Jupiter and the Min
- [Origin of Mythology](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/origin-of-mythology.md): This chapter explores the origins of pagan mythology, presenting and evaluating four main theories: the Scriptural theory (myths as disguised Bible narratives), the Historical theory (myths as embellished accounts of rea
- [Statues of the Gods](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/statues-of-the-gods.md): This chapter discusses the artistic challenge of representing deities through sculpture, highlighting four celebrated attempts—two known only through ancient descriptions and two surviving masterpieces of sculptural art.
- [The Olympian Jupiter](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-olympian-jupiter.md): This chapter describes the statue of the Olympian Jupiter by Phidias, a colossal chryselephantine sculpture of the supreme Greek deity seated on a throne, embodying majesty and conquest, inspired by Homer's Iliad.
- [The Minerva of the Parthenon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-minerva-of-the-parthenon.md): This chapter describes the statue of Minerva created by Phidias for the Parthenon in Athens. The goddess is depicted standing, holding a spear and a statue of Victory, with a highly decorated helmet surmounted by a Sphin
- [The Venus de Medici](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-venus-de-medici.md): This chapter describes the Venus de Medici statue, its supposed origin with the sculptor Cleomenes of Athens around 200 BC, the story that the artist used the most perfect female forms as models, and literary allusions t
- [The Apollo Belvedere](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-apollo-belvedere.md): This chapter describes the Apollo Belvedere, a highly esteemed ancient Roman marble statue of Apollo, over seven feet tall, depicted naked except for a cloak. The statue is believed to represent Apollo in the moment afte
- [The Diana a la Biche](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-diana-a-la-biche.md): This chapter describes the sculpture known as the Diana of the Hind, located in the palace of the Louvre. It compares the statue to the Apollo Belvedere, noting similarities in attitude, size, and execution, though it is
- [The Poets of Mythology](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-poets-of-mythology.md): This chapter discusses the mythical status of Homer, the traditional author of the Iliad and Odyssey, and the scholarly debate over the authorship and transmission of these epic poems. It describes Homer as a blind wande
- [Virgil](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/virgil.md): This chapter introduces the Roman poet Virgil (Publius Vergilius Maro), born in Mantua in 70 BC, and discusses his epic poem the Aeneid. It compares Virgil to Homer and Milton, noting Virgil's inferiority in originality 
- [Ovid](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ovid.md): This chapter provides a biographical sketch of the Roman poet Ovid (Naso), detailing his birth in 43 BC, his education, his early career in public office, and his devotion to poetry. It describes his life in Rome among c
- [XXXVI: Modern Monsters—The Phoenix—Basilisk—Unicorn—Salamander](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxvi-modern-monsters-the-phoenix-basilisk-unicorn-salamander.md): This chapter explores mythical creatures that persisted in popular belief after the decline of pagan mythology, focusing on the Phoenix, Basilisk, Unicorn, and Salamander. It draws from classical poets like Ovid, histori
- [Modern Monsters](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/modern-monsters.md): This chapter explores a set of imaginary beings that succeeded the classical monsters of ancient superstition, persisting in popular belief even after the rise of Christianity. Unlike the false gods of Paganism, these cr
- [The Phoenix](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-phoenix.md): This chapter recounts the myth of the Phoenix, a unique bird that reproduces itself by building a funeral pyre of aromatic spices, dying in flames, and being reborn from its own remains. The story is presented through th
- [The Cockatrice, or Basilisk](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-cockatrice-or-basilisk.md): This chapter describes the mythical basilisk, or cockatrice, as the king of serpents, endowed with a crown-like crest and deadly powers including burning, petrifying looks, and lethal breath. It recounts ancient and medi
- [The Unicorn](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-unicorn.md): This chapter explores the mythical unicorn as described by Pliny the Roman naturalist, detailing its ferocious appearance, the legends surrounding its horn and capture, and the modern zoological skepticism about its exis
- [The Salamander](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-salamander.md): This chapter recounts a story from Benvenuto Cellini's autobiography about his father showing him a salamander in the fire when he was five years old, and then discusses the legendary properties of salamanders, including
- [Eastern Mythology—Zoroaster—Hindu Mythology—Castes—Buddha—Grand Lama](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxvii-eastern-mythology-zoroaster-hindu-mythology-castes-buddha-grand-lama.md): This chapter surveys Eastern religious and mythological traditions, beginning with Zoroastrianism's dualistic cosmology of Ormuzd and Ahriman, its simple rites, and its survival among the Parsees. It then examines Hindu 
- [Zoroaster](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/zoroaster.md): This chapter describes the ancient Persian religion founded by Zoroaster, focusing on the dualistic cosmology of Ormuzd (good) and Ahriman (evil), the simple religious rites involving fire and mountain worship, and the h
- [Hindu Mythology](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/hindu-mythology.md): This chapter introduces the religion of the Hindus, which is founded on the Vedas, believed to be composed by Brahma and arranged by the sage Vyasa. It describes the supreme god Brahma and the Trimurti—Brahma (creation),
- [Vishnu](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/vishnu.md): This chapter describes Vishnu, the second god in the Hindu triad, as the personification of the preserving principle. It explains his ten primary Avatars (incarnations) taken to protect the world, including Matsya the Fi
- [Siva](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/siva.md): This chapter introduces Siva, the third person of the Hindu triad, as the personification of the destroying principle. It explains that despite being third in the triad, Siva (also called Mahadeva) has more worshippers t
- [Juggernaut](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/juggernaut.md): The chapter describes the temple and worship of Juggernaut, an idol of carved wood with a hideous face, located near the coast southwest of Calcutta. During festivals, the idol is placed on a tall wheeled tower, pulled b
- [Castes](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/castes.md): This chapter describes the Hindu caste system, its origins according to tradition, the roles and privileges of each caste (Brahmans, Shatriyas, Vaissyas, Sudras), and the extreme degradation of the Pariahs, who fall outs
- [Buddha](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/buddha.md): This chapter describes the life and teachings of Buddha (Gautama), a mortal sage born about 1000 BCE, son of a king, who renounced his royal life to meditate and later taught at Benares. His doctrines spread across India
- [The Grand Lama](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-grand-lama.md): This chapter explores the Buddhist and Brahminical doctrine of the human soul as an emanation of the divine spirit, confined to a body due to past sins, and the concept of voluntary incarnations of Buddha, particularly t
- [Prester John](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/prester-john.md): This chapter recounts the European legend of Prester John, a mythical Christian priest-king said to rule in Upper Asia. The story traces how reports of a Lama among the Tartars sparked the belief, leading to papal and Fr
- [Northern Mythology—Valhalla—The Valkyrior](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxviii-northern-mythology-valhalla-the-valkyrior.md): This chapter introduces Northern (Scandinavian) mythology, describing the creation of the world from the giant Ymir, the gods Odin, Vili, and Ve, and the formation of Midgard. It details the structure of the universe sup
- [Northern Mythology](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/northern-mythology.md): This chapter introduces the mythology of the Scandinavian peoples, as recorded in the Eddas. It describes the creation of the world from the body of the frost giant Ymir, the emergence of the gods Odin, Vili, and Ve, and
- [Of the Joys of Valhalla](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/of-the-joys-of-valhalla.md): This chapter describes Valhalla, the great hall of Odin, where heroes who have died bravely in battle feast on the boar Schrimnir, which regenerates each night, and drink mead from the she-goat Heidrum. Their daily pasti
- [The Valkyrie](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-valkyrie.md): This chapter introduces the Valkyrie, warlike virgins who serve Odin by choosing heroes slain in battle to dwell in Valhalla, preparing for the final conflict with the giants. Their armor creates the Aurora Borealis.
- [Of Thor and the Other Gods](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/of-thor-and-the-other-gods.md): This chapter introduces Thor, the thunderer and Odin's eldest son, along with his three precious possessions: a hammer that returns to his hand, a belt of strength that doubles his might, and iron gloves for wielding his
- [Of Loki and His Progeny](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/of-loki-and-his-progeny.md): This chapter introduces Loki, the calumniator of the gods, and describes his three monstrous children: the wolf Fenris, the Midgard serpent, and Hela (Death). It recounts how Odin disposed of them—casting the serpent int
- [How Thor Paid the Mountain Giant His Wages](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/how-thor-paid-the-mountain-giant-his-wages.md): The gods agree to let a giant builder fortify their home in exchange for Freya, the sun, and the moon, but only if he finishes by summer. With Loki's advice, the giant uses his horse Svadilfari, which does most of the wo
- [The Recovery of the Hammer](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-recovery-of-the-hammer.md): Thor's hammer is stolen by the giant Thrym, who demands Freya as his bride for its return. Loki persuades Thor to disguise himself as Freya, and they travel to Jotunheim. Thrym is deceived by Loki's excuses for Thor's un
- [Thor's Visit to Jotunheim](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxxix-thor-s-visit-to-jotunheim.md): Thor, accompanied by Loki and his servant Thialfi, journeys to the land of the giants. They encounter the giant Skrymir, who tricks them with illusions, and later arrive at Utgard, where they compete in various contests 
- [Thor's Visit to Jotunheim, the Giant's Country](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/thor-s-visit-to-jotunheim-the-giant-s-country.md): Thor, accompanied by his servant Thialfi and Loki, journeys to the land of giants. They encounter Skrymir, a giant whose glove they mistake for a hall. After traveling together, Thor attempts to strike Skrymir with his m
- [XL: The Death of Baldur—The Elves—Runic Letters—Iceland—Teutonic Mythology—Nibelungen Lied](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xl-the-death-of-baldur-the-elves-runic-letters-iceland-teutonic-mythology-nibelungen-lied.md): This chapter recounts the death of Baldur the Good, tricked by Loki into being killed by a mistletoe dart thrown by the blind Hodur, and Hermod's journey to Hel to seek Baldur's return. It also covers Teutonic mythology,
- [The Death of Baldur](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-death-of-baldur.md): Baldur the Good is tormented by dreams of his own death. Frigga secures oaths from all things not to harm him, but Loki tricks the blind god Hodur into killing Baldur with a mistletoe dart. Hermod rides to Hel to negotia
- [The Funeral of Baldur](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-funeral-of-baldur.md): The gods hold a grand funeral for Baldur, burning his body on his ship Hringham alongside his wife Nanna, who dies of grief. Loki, fearing punishment, flees and hides as a salmon but is captured by Thor, bound, and torme
- [The Elves](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-elves.md): This chapter describes the two classes of Elves in Norse mythology: the Light Elves, who are fair, benevolent, and dwell in Alfheim under Freyr's domain, and the Dark Elves, who are ugly dwarfs that shun sunlight, live i
- [Ragnarok, the Twilight of the Gods](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ragnarok-the-twilight-of-the-gods.md): This chapter describes the Norse prophecy of Ragnarok, the apocalyptic destruction of the gods and the world. It details the forerunners—a triple winter, war, and cosmic upheaval—followed by the final battle on Vigrid fi
- [Runic Letters](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/runic-letters.md): This chapter describes the Runic letters found on stones in Denmark, Norway, and Sweden, their straight-line forms, their use in divination and magic, and their later use for inscriptions in the Norse language. It also r
- [The Skalds](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-skalds.md): This chapter introduces the Skalds, the bards and poets of early Scandinavian civilization, who served as the keepers of historical lore and provided intellectual and artistic entertainment at warriors' feasts by recitin
- [Iceland](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iceland.md): This chapter introduces Iceland as the source of the Eddas and Sagas, contrasting its harsh, volcanic landscape with the classical world of Greece. Carlyle's lecture describes Iceland as a land of barrenness, lava, geyse
- [Teutonic Mythology](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/teutonic-mythology.md): This chapter explores Teutonic mythology, noting its close parallels with Scandinavian myths while highlighting key differences such as the identification of Odin as Wotan, the merging of Freya and Frigga into one deity,
- [The Nibelungen Lied](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-nibelungen-lied.md): The chapter recounts the epic Nibelungen Lied, a foundational Teutonic myth from the prehistoric era of Wotan and the Norse gods. It is divided into two parts: first, Siegfried helps King Günther win Brunhild by using a 
- [The Nibelungen Hoard](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-nibelungen-hoard.md): This chapter describes the mythical treasure of gold and precious stones that Siegfried obtained from the Nibelungs, given to Kriemhild as her wedding portion, seized by Hagan after Siegfried's murder, buried beneath the
- [Wagner’s Nibelungen Ring](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/wagner-s-nibelungen-ring.md): This chapter summarizes Richard Wagner's music-drama 'Der Ring des Nibelungen,' tracing its sources in the Volsunga Saga, Eddas, and other Teutonic folklore. It outlines the four races (gods, giants, dwarfs, nymphs) and 
- [The Druids—Iona](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xli-the-druids-iona.md): This chapter describes the Druids, the priestly class of the ancient Celts, their beliefs, rituals, festivals, and moral teachings, as well as the history of Iona as a refuge for Druids and later as the site of St. Colum
- [Druids](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/druids.md): This chapter describes the Druids, the priestly class of the ancient Celtic nations in Gaul, Britain, and Germany. It details their roles as priests, magistrates, scholars, and physicians; their worship of a supreme deit
- [Iona](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iona.md): This chapter describes the small island of Iona, its historical significance as a seat of civilization and religion in Northern Europe, the arrival of Columba and his twelve followers in 563 AD, the establishment of a mo
- [King Arthur and His Knights](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/king-arthur-and-his-knights.md): The chapter introduces the legendary King Arthur, his knights of the Round Table, and their quests, including the pursuit of the Holy Grail, the chivalric code, and the tragic love stories that define Arthurian legend.
- [Introduction](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/i-introduction.md): This introductory chapter discusses the decline of Roman power, the rise of chivalry, the training of knights, and the origins of medieval romances, including the legendary figures of Arthur and Charlemagne. It explains 
- [The Training of a Knight](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-training-of-a-knight.md): This chapter describes the rigorous education and initiation of knights, from page at age seven to esquire at fourteen, culminating in knighthood at twenty-one. It covers physical training, courtly manners, the role of a
- [Freemen, Villains, Serfs, and Clerks](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/freemen-villains-serfs-and-clerks.md): This chapter describes the social hierarchy of medieval society, focusing on the distinctions between freemen, serfs, villains, and clerks. Freemen were independent landowners who sometimes became vassals for protection.
- [Tournaments](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/tournaments.md): This chapter describes the origins, pageantry, and chivalric customs of medieval tournaments and jousts in France, including the Church's condemnation, the rules of combat, and the role of ladies in encouraging and rewar
- [Mail Armor](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/mail-armor.md): This chapter describes the two main types of mail armor—plate or scale mail and chain mail—focusing on the hauberk, its construction from riveted iron links, and its use as body protection. It details the addition of glo
- [Helmets](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/helmets.md): This chapter describes the construction and function of medieval helmets, including the headpiece, visor, bever, and ventayle, as well as how they were secured and the methods used to dispatch a fallen knight.
- [Romances](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/romances.md): This chapter traces the origins and development of medieval romances, explaining how the fabulous chronicles of Arthur and Charlemagne were translated from Latin and local dialects into the more widely understood Norman 
- [Metrical Romances](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/metrical-romances.md): This chapter discusses the earliest form of romances, which appeared in rude verse and were sung or recited at feasts. It provides specimens of the language used after the Norman conquest, including a passage from Robert
- [The Mythical History of England](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ii-the-mythical-history-of-england.md): This chapter recounts the legendary origins of Britain, beginning with the giant Albion and the story of Brutus the Trojan, a descendant of Aeneas, who after accidentally killing his father, leads a band of Trojan exiles
- [Bladud](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/bladud.md): Bladud, a legendary king, founded the city of Bath and dedicated its healing waters to Minerva. Known for his inventive mind and practice of magic, he crafted wings to fly but fell to his death upon the temple of Apollo 
- [Leir](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/leir.md): King Leir, having no sons, decides to divide his kingdom among his three daughters based on their declarations of love. Goneril and Regan flatter him with extravagant claims and receive their shares, but Cordeilla gives 
- [Ferrex and Porrex](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ferrex-and-porrex.md): Two brothers, Ferrex and Porrex, quarrel over the kingdom after their father Leir. Porrex expels Ferrex, who returns with Frankish aid and is slain in battle. Their mother, enraged by the death of her favorite son, murde
- [Dunwallo Molmutius](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/dunwallo-molmutius.md): This chapter introduces Dunwallo Molmutius, a notable figure who established the Molmutine laws, which granted sanctuary to temples, cities, and their approach roads, and extended protection to ploughs, thereby sanctifyi
- [Brennus and Belinus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/brennus-and-belinus.md): The sons of Molmutius, Brennus and Belinus, quarrel after their father's death. Brennus is driven out of Britain and finds refuge in Gaul, where he marries the daughter of the king of the Allobroges and becomes co-ruler.
- [Elidure](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/elidure.md): After the reigns of Belinus and Brennus, several minor kings ruled before Elidure. His brother Arthgallo, the king, was deposed by nobles who placed Elidure on the throne. Five years later, while hunting, Elidure encount
- [Lud](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/lud.md): After Elidure, the Chronicle lists many kings of little note until Lud, who greatly enlarged Trinovant (his capital), surrounded it with a wall, and renamed it Lud's Town, later London. Lud was buried by the city gate ca
- [Cassibellaunus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/cassibellaunus.md): Julius Caesar, having conquered Gaul, attempts to invade Britain but is repelled by Cassibellaun and his forces. In single combat, Nennius, Cassibellaun's brother, captures Caesar's sword. The Britons force Caesar to ret
- [Kymbelinus, or Cymbeline](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/kymbelinus-or-cymbeline.md): The chapter recounts the Roman invasion of Britain under Caesar, the taking of Cymbeline as a hostage, his Roman education, and his subsequent peaceful reign as a Roman ally. It also describes the rebellion of his sons G
- [Armorica](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/armorica.md): The chapter recounts the conquest and colonization of Armorica by the Roman general Maximus and Conan of Wales, leading to the region being renamed Brittany and its language assimilating with Welsh. It describes the even
- [III: Merlin](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iii-merlin.md): This chapter recounts the origins, life, and magical deeds of Merlin, the son of an Incubus and a virtuous woman, who was saved by baptism. It describes his role as advisor to King Vortigern, his revelation of the dragon
- [IV: Arthur](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iv-arthur.md): This chapter recounts the historical and legendary origins of King Arthur, including his rise to power by drawing the sword from the stone, his marriage to Guenevere, and his battles against rebel kings and Saxons. It al
- [King Arthur](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/king-arthur.md): The chapter recounts the early history of King Arthur's lineage, beginning with King Arthur Constans and his sons, including the treachery of Vortigern, the rise of Uther Pendragon, and the magical assistance of Merlin. 
- [Arthur Chosen King](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/arthur-chosen-king.md): Arthur, at fifteen, is elected king after his father's death, but faces opposition from nobles who doubt his lineage. Bishop Brice proposes a divine test: a sword in a stone, which only the true king can draw. After many
- [Guenever](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/guenever.md): Arthur, guided by Merlin, visits King Laodegan's court to seek a bride. After aiding Laodegan against King Ryence's forces, Arthur wins Guenever's love and is betrothed to her. Meanwhile, Gawain and his brothers arrive n
- [Arthur (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/v-arthur-continued.md): After the victory at Mount Badon, Arthur subdues the Scots, Picts, Ireland, Iceland, Gothland, and the Orkneys, establishing a peaceful reign for twelve years. He then extends his power abroad, conquering Norway and Gaul
- [King Arthur Slays the Giant of St. Michael’s Mount](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/king-arthur-slays-the-giant-of-st-michael-s-mount.md): While encamped in Brittany, King Arthur learns from a countryman that a giant on St. Michael's Mount has been abducting and devouring children, and has recently taken the Duchess of Brittany. Arthur, accompanied by Sir B
- [King Arthur Gets a Sword from the Lady of the Lake](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/king-arthur-gets-a-sword-from-the-lady-of-the-lake.md): King Arthur rescues Merlin from three churls, then encounters a knight guarding a pass. After a fierce battle, Arthur's sword is broken and he is nearly killed, but Merlin puts the knight to sleep with enchantment. Arthu
- [VI: Sir Gawain](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/vi-sir-gawain.md): Sir Gawain, nephew of King Arthur, is renowned for his courtesy. When King Arthur is captured by a grim baron and must answer what women most desire, a loathly lady reveals the secret: women want their own will. In retur
- [Sir Gawain's Marriage](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-gawain-s-marriage.md): King Arthur, challenged by a grim baron to discover what women most desire, learns the answer from a loathly lady: 'their will.' In return, he must find her a husband. Sir Gawain volunteers to marry her, despite her hide
- [VII: Caradoc Briefbras; or, Caradoc with the Shrunken Arm](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/vii-caradoc-briefbras-or-caradoc-with-the-shrunken-arm.md): Caradoc, son of Ysenne and the enchanter Eliaures, proves his courage by accepting a beheading challenge from his unknown father. Later, a wicked woman causes Eliaures to afflict Caradoc with a serpent that drains his ar
- [Launcelot of the Lake](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/viii-launcelot-of-the-lake.md): This chapter recounts the early life of Sir Launcelot, from his birth to King Ban and Queen Helen, his rescue and upbringing by the Lady of the Lake, and his arrival at King Arthur's court where he falls in love with Que
- [Sir Launcelot](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-launcelot.md): Sir Launcelot, the greatest knight of the Round Table, undertakes a series of adventures after King Arthur's return from Rome. He is captured by four queens but refuses their advances, is rescued by a damsel in exchange 
- [The Adventure of the Cart](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ix-the-adventure-of-the-cart.md): Queen Guenever and ten knights of the Round Table go a-maying, but are ambushed by Sir Maleagans, who has long loved the queen. She surrenders to save her knights, and secretly sends a page to summon Sir Launcelot. Launc
- [X: The Lady of Shalott](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/x-the-lady-of-shalott.md): King Arthur proclaims a tournament at Winchester. Sir Launcelot, feigning illness, stays behind and travels in disguise to attend. He stays at the castle of Shalott, where the lord's daughter falls hopelessly in love wit
- [XI: Queen Guenever's Peril](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xi-queen-guenever-s-peril.md): Queen Guenever is accused of poisoning a Scottish knight after a squire's plot to kill Sir Gawain goes awry. Sir Mador demands her punishment unless a champion defends her. With Sir Launcelot absent after a quarrel, she 
- [XII: Tristram and Isoude](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xii-tristram-and-isoude.md): Tristram, recovering from a wound in Ireland, falls in love with Princess Isoude while serving as her music tutor. After revealing his identity as the slayer of her uncle, he is banished but returns to Cornwall. Bound by
- [XIII: Tristram and Isoude (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xiii-tristram-and-isoude-continued.md): Tristram, banished from Cornwall, wanders in the forest of Arnantes, rescues King Arthur from enchantment, and participates in a grand tournament. Meanwhile, Isoude confesses her love for Tristram to King Mark, who impri
- [XIV: Sir Tristram’s Battle with Sir Launcelot](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xiv-sir-tristram-s-battle-with-sir-launcelot.md): Sir Tristram rescues Sir Palamedes from nine knights led by the villainous Sir Breuse sans Pitie, then challenges Palamedes to a duel. They agree to meet at Merlin's monument near Camelot. At the appointed place, Tristra
- [Sir Tristram as a Sportsman](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-tristram-as-a-sportsman.md): This chapter highlights Tristram's reputation among the Romancers as the supreme authority and model in all matters of hunting and falconry. Through a passage from the Faery Queene, Tristram tells Sir Calidore of his nob
- [XV: The Round Table](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xv-the-round-table.md): Merlin fabricates the Round Table with thirteen seats, twelve for knights and one perilous seat for the traitor Judas. Tristram is honored by Arthur and takes the seat of Moraunt of Ireland. King Mark, consumed by jealou
- [XVI: Sir Palamedes](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xvi-sir-palamedes.md): Sir Tristram, unarmed, encounters Sir Palamedes in battle. Palamedes refuses to fight an unarmed knight, and after Tristram arms himself, they fight fiercely. Tristram gains the upper hand but spares Palamedes, who then 
- [Sir Tristram](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xvii-sir-tristram.md): Tristram, in Brittany, aids King Hoel in war, marries Isoude of the White Hands, and later is mortally wounded. He sends for Queen Isoude of Cornwall, but his wife deceives him about the color of the sails, leading to hi
- [Perceval](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xviii-perceval.md): Perceval, raised in isolation by his mother after the loss of his father and brothers, encounters knights in the forest and becomes determined to pursue knighthood. Despite his mother's warnings, he rides to King Arthur'
- [XIX: The Sangreal, or Holy Graal](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xix-the-sangreal-or-holy-graal.md): The chapter introduces the Sangreal (Holy Grail), the cup used by Christ at the Last Supper, and its journey to Britain through Joseph of Arimathea. It recounts the fall of the Sinner King and the Grail's withdrawal from
- [Sir Galahad](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-galahad.md): Sir Galahad arrives at King Arthur's court, is revealed as the son of Sir Launcelot, and sits in the Siege Perilous, marking him as the knight destined to achieve the Sangreal. He participates in a tournament, then embar
- [Sir Gawain](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-gawain.md): Sir Gawain, seeking to join Sir Galahad in his adventures, is rebuked by a monk for his sinfulness and refuses to do penance. Later, in a tournament, Sir Galahad strikes Gawain down, wounding him severely, and Gawain ack
- [XX: The Sangreal (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xx-the-sangreal-continued.md): Sir Launcelot, in his quest for the Holy Grail, encounters a sick knight healed by the holy vessel but is himself unable to witness it due to his sins. He confesses to a hermit, vowing to forsake Queen Guenever. Sir Perc
- [Sir Launcelot](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-launcelot.md): Sir Launcelot, seeking the Holy Grail, encounters a hermit, confesses his sins, and repents his adulterous love for Queen Guenever. He then journeys into a forest, comes to a stone cross and an old chapel, where he witne
- [Sir Perceval](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-perceval.md): Sir Perceval, riding alone, is attacked by twenty armed men and nearly slain, but is rescued by Sir Galahad. After his horse is killed, he is tempted by a fiend disguised as a woman who offers him a horse, which nearly c
- [XXI: The Sangreal (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxi-the-sangreal-continued.md): Sir Launcelot returns to Camelot after a failed attempt to enter the chamber of the Sangreal, where he is struck down by a divine breath and lies unconscious for twenty-four days. Sir Galahad, with Sir Perceval and Sir B
- [Sir Bohort](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-bohort.md): Sir Bohort departs from Camelot on the quest for the Sangreal, confesses to a religious hermit, and faces a moral dilemma when he must choose between rescuing his brother Sir Lionel from two knights or saving a distresse
- [Sir Launcelot (Resumed)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-launcelot-resumed.md): Sir Launcelot, having been healed after a vision of the Holy Grail, returns to Camelot to find many knights slain. He recounts his adventures, including his approach to a castle guarded by lions, his rebuke for trusting 
- [Sir Galahad](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/sir-galahad.md): Sir Galahad, after rescuing Perceval, rides into a forest and eventually comes to the sea, where he joins Sir Bohort and Sir Perceval on a ship. Guided by Perceval's sister, they board another ship containing the Sangrea
- [Sir Agrivain's Treason](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxii-sir-agrivain-s-treason.md): Sir Perceval and Sir Bohort mourn Sir Galahad's death; Sir Perceval becomes a hermit and dies, and Sir Bohort returns to Camelot. Sir Launcelot resumes his affair with Queen Guenever, leading Sir Agrivain to plot their e
- [Morte d'Arthur](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xxiii-morte-d-arthur.md): King Arthur, mortally wounded after the final battle with the traitor Sir Modred, commands Sir Bedivere to cast the sword Excalibur into the lake. After twice hiding the sword, Bedivere finally obeys, and a hand from the
- [The Mabinogeon](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-mabinogeon.md): This chapter introduces the Mabinogeon, a collection of Welsh myths and legends, often associated with the Mabinogion. It presents tales of ancient British heroes, magical transformations, and quests, blending Celtic myt
- [Introductory Note](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/introductory-note.md): This introductory note discusses the historical neglect of Welsh manuscripts known as the Mabinogeon, the efforts of scholars like Southey and Scott to see them published, and the eventual successful translation and publ
- [The Britons](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/i-the-britons.md): This chapter introduces the earliest inhabitants of Britain, the Celts, and discusses the origins of the names Wales and Welsh. It covers the Roman occupation of Britain, the resistance of the native Britons, and the pre
- [The Welsh Language and Literature](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-welsh-language-and-literature.md): This chapter discusses the antiquity of the Welsh language, the challenges of accessing ancient Welsh poetry, and the efforts of Owen Jones and Dr. Owen to publish Welsh literary works, culminating in the publication of 
- [The Welsh Bards](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-welsh-bards.md): This chapter discusses the oldest Welsh poets, Aneurin, Taliesin, Llywarch Hen, and Myrddin (Merlin), focusing on the authenticity of their attributed poems. It highlights Aneurin's 'Gododin,' which laments the defeat of
- [The Triads](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-triads.md): This chapter introduces the Triads, a unique form of Welsh poetical composition that groups three persons, events, or observations into a single sentence. Originally devised as a memory aid, the Triads range from ancient
- [The Lady of the Fountain](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ii-the-lady-of-the-fountain.md): King Arthur holds court at Caerleon upon Usk. While Arthur sleeps, Kynon tells a tale of his past adventure: he journeyed to a magnificent castle, was well entertained, and was directed by a black woodward to a magical f
- [Kynon's Adventure](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/kynon-s-adventure.md): At King Arthur's court in Caerleon, Kynon recounts his past quest for adventure. He describes traveling to a magnificent castle, receiving lavish hospitality, and being directed by a black woodward to a magical fountain.
- [III: The Lady of the Fountain (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iii-the-lady-of-the-fountain-continued.md): Owain sets out to find the knight who guards the fountain, following Kynon's directions. He encounters the yellow man, the black man, and the fountain, where he defeats the black knight in combat. Trapped between gates a
- [Owain's Adventure](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/owain-s-adventure.md): Owain, inspired by Kynon's tale, sets out to find the knight who guards the fountain. After a perilous journey, he defeats the black knight in combat but is trapped by a portcullis. A maiden named Luned helps him escape 
- [The Lady of the Fountain (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/iv-the-lady-of-the-fountain-continued.md): Arthur and his household, guided by Kynon, set out to find Owain. At the fountain, Kay and then all of Arthur's knights except Gawain are overthrown by the Black Knight. Gawain fights the Black Knight for three days with
- [Gawain's Adventure](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/gawain-s-adventure.md): King Arthur is sorrowful over the loss of Owain, who has been missing for three years. Gawain suggests that Arthur and his household seek Owain themselves. Guided by Kynon, they travel to the castle of the Countess of th
- [The Adventure of the Lion](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-adventure-of-the-lion.md): Owain, reminded of his forgotten promise to the Countess of the Fountain, falls into despair and wanders as a wild man until he is revived by a charitable lady. He later rescues a lion from a serpent, and the lion become
- [Geraint, the Son of Erbin](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/v-geraint-the-son-of-erbin.md): Prince Geraint, having missed the hunt with King Arthur, accompanies Queen Guenever to the forest's edge. There they witness a knight, a lady, and a churlish dwarf pass by. When Guenever's maiden is struck by the dwarf f
- [VI: Geraint, the Son of Erbin (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/vi-geraint-the-son-of-erbin-continued.md): Arthur hunts a stag with his hounds, and the head is awarded to Enid. Geraint returns with the defeated knight Edeyrn, who had insulted a maiden. Geraint marries Enid, and later returns to Cornwall to defend his inherita
- [Geraint, the Son of Erbin (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/vii-geraint-the-son-of-erbin-continued.md): Geraint, having grown accustomed to ease and pleasure, neglects his knightly duties and loses the respect of his court. His wife Enid, overhearing the gossip, inadvertently awakens him with her tears and lament, leading 
- [VIII: Pwyll, Prince of Dyved](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/viii-pwyll-prince-of-dyved.md): Pwyll, Prince of Dyved, sits upon the magical mound Gorsedd Arberth and encounters the beautiful Rhiannon, who reveals she has come to him out of love, fleeing an unwanted marriage. They pledge to meet in a year. At the 
- [Branwen, the Daughter of Llyr](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ix-branwen-the-daughter-of-llyr.md): Bendigeid Vran, king of Britain, agrees to marry his sister Branwen to Matholch, king of Ireland, to forge an alliance. During the wedding feast, Evnissyen, a half-brother, mutilates Matholch's horses as an insult for no
- [Manawyddan](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/x-manawyddan.md): After the death of Pwyll, his son Pryderi inherits Dyved and offers his mother Rhiannon in marriage to Manawyddan, who has returned from war to find his lands seized. The four—Manawyddan, Rhiannon, Pryderi, and Kicva—liv
- [Kilwich and Olwen](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xi-kilwich-and-olwen.md): Kilwich, son of Kilydd, falls in love with Olwen, daughter of the giant Yspadaden Penkawr, after his stepmother prophesies that he can only marry her. With the help of his cousin King Arthur and his knights, Kilwich conf
- [XII: Kilwich and Olwen (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xii-kilwich-and-olwen-continued.md): Arthur's knights continue their quest for the giant Yspadaden Penkawr's treasures. Kay and Bedwyr slay the giant Gwernach by trickery, then seek Mabon son of Modron. Guided by ancient animals (Ousel, Stag, Eagle, Salmon)
- [Taliesin](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/xiii-taliesin.md): Elphin, son of Gwyddno, finds a baby in a leather bag in his father's weir and names him Taliesin. The infant immediately speaks poetry and promises to bring Elphin greater fortune than fish. Taliesin grows up and, when 
- [Hero Myths of the British Isles](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/hero-myths-of-the-british-isles.md): This chapter explores the heroic myths and legends of the British Isles, focusing on the tales of King Arthur, Sir Launcelot, and other knights of the Round Table, as well as their quests, adventures, and the themes of c
- [Beowulf](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/beowulf.md): The chapter recounts the heroic deeds of Beowulf, a Geatish warrior who first gains renown by slaying the monster Grendel and later Grendel's mother for King Hrothgar of Denmark. After serving as a trusted counselor and 
- [Cuchulain, Champion of Ireland](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/cuchulain-champion-of-ireland.md): This chapter recounts the legend of Cuchulain, the Irish champion, drawing parallels to the Greek hero Achilles. It describes his divine parentage, his upbringing by King Conor, his marriage to Emer, and his trials to cl
- [Hereward the Wake](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/hereward-the-wake.md): This chapter introduces Hereward the Wake, a Saxon patriot hero from Lincolnshire who flourished around 1070. It describes his role in the Danish attack on Peterborough, his defense of the Isle of Ely against William the
- [Robin Hood](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/robin-hood.md): This chapter introduces the legendary figure of Robin Hood, an outlaw from the time of King Richard I, who, with his band of merry outlaws, robs from the rich to give to the poor, protecting women and the downtrodden. It
- [Legends of Charlemagne](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/legends-of-charlemagne.md): This chapter recounts the legendary exploits of Charlemagne and his paladins, blending historical figures with chivalric romance. It covers the adventures of Orlando, Rinaldo, Rogero, and others, including their battles 
- [The Peers, or Paladins](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-peers-or-paladins.md): This chapter introduces the twelve most illustrious knights of Charlemagne, known as the Peers or Paladins, highlighting their equality and companionship with the king. It lists the most distinguished among them, includi
- [Orlando](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/orlando.md): This chapter recounts the birth and early life of Orlando, son of the knight Milon and Bertha, sister of Charlemagne. Born in a cave in Sutri after his parents' exile, Orlando grows up among peasants, befriends Oliver, a
- [Roland and Ferragus](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/roland-and-ferragus.md): Orlando (Roland) battles the giant Ferragus, whose skin is invulnerable to swords. After a truce, Orlando shows chivalry by providing a pillow for the sleeping giant. Ferragus, grateful, reveals his only vulnerable spot,
- [A Roland for an Oliver](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/a-roland-for-an-oliver.md): Charlemagne besieges Guerin de Montglave's city of Vienne due to a quarrel, but when Marsilius of Spain invades France, Charles agrees to settle the dispute by single combat. Oliver, the youngest grandson of Guerin, is c
- [Rinaldo](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/rinaldo.md): Rinaldo, nephew of Charlemagne and cousin of Orlando, embarks on a quest to subdue the legendary horse Bayard. Guided by the enchanter Malagigi, he finds armor and a horse, then defeats the Saracen knight Isolier before 
- [The Tournament](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-tournament.md): During the Pentecost feast at Charlemagne's court, Angelica and her brother Argalia arrive with a challenge: any knight who can overthrow Argalia in a joust wins Angelica as a prize, while losers become prisoners. The pa
- [The Siege of Albracca](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-siege-of-albracca.md): King Gradasso of Sericane invades France to obtain Orlando's sword Durindana and Rinaldo's horse Bayard. Charlemagne sends Rinaldo against him, but Malagigi tricks Rinaldo away. Gradasso captures Charlemagne and his peer
- [Adventures of Rinaldo and Orlando](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/adventures-of-rinaldo-and-orlando.md): Rinaldo, after overcoming a monster, meets the damsel Flordelis and agrees to rescue her lover Florismart from an enchantress. He battles a giant and a griffin to obtain the magical horse Rabican, then becomes embroiled 
- [The Invasion of France](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-invasion-of-france.md): King Agramant of Africa convenes his vassals to plan an invasion of France to avenge his father's death. Despite opposition from his wise councillor Sobrino and a prophetic warning from the aged king of the Garamantes, t
- [The Invasion of France (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-invasion-of-france-continued.md): Mandricardo and Rogero dispute over the right to bear the symbol of the Trojan knight, but Gradasso intervenes claiming prior right to Durindana. Florismart and Flordelis broker a truce, leading the group to seek Orlando
- [Bradamante and Rogero](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/bradamante-and-rogero.md): Bradamante, seeking her beloved Rogero, learns from the knight Pinabel that Rogero is imprisoned by the enchanter Atlantes in a magical castle. Despite a summons to return to her army, she resolves to free him. With the 
- [Astolpho and the Enchantress](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/astolpho-and-the-enchantress.md): Rogero, freed from Alcina's enchantments by Melissa's intervention, escapes her realm with the help of the magic ring and the shield of Atlantes. Melissa disenchants Alcina's victims, including Astolpho, who is liberated
- [The Orc](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-orc.md): Angelica, fleeing her lovers, is tricked by a magician and abandoned on the island of Ebuda, where she is captured to be sacrificed to the sea-monster Orc. Meanwhile, Rogero, riding the Hippogriff, rescues her but is bet
- [Astolpho's Adventures Continued, and Isabella's Begun](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/astolpho-s-adventures-continued-and-isabella-s-begun.md): Astolpho, armed with a magic book and horn from the fairy Logestilla, returns to France, defeats the enchanter Atlantes, and frees imprisoned knights including Rogero, Bradamante, and Orlando. Rogero and Bradamante agree
- [Medoro](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/medoro.md): The chapter recounts the story of Medoro, a young Moorish soldier, and his friend Cloridan, who risk their lives to give their prince Dardinel a proper burial. After being discovered by Zerbino's troops, Medoro is wounde
- [Orlando Mad](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/orlando-mad.md): Orlando, driven mad by the discovery of Angelica's marriage to Medoro, abandons his armor and wreaks havoc across the countryside, tearing up trees and attacking shepherds and animals. Meanwhile, Zerbino and Isabella fin
- [Zerbino and Isabella](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/zerbino-and-isabella.md): Isabella mourns Zerbino's death and vows fidelity. A hermit consoles her, but they encounter Rodomont, who kills the hermit and forces Isabella to his ruined chapel. To preserve her vow, Isabella tricks Rodomont into beh
- [Astolpho in Abyssinia](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/astolpho-in-abyssinia.md): Astolpho, riding the Hippogriff, arrives in Abyssinia and helps King Senapus, who is plagued by Harpies. He drives them away with his horn and seals them in a cave. Then he ascends to the terrestrial paradise, where he m
- [The War in Africa](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-war-in-africa.md): Astolpho, guided by St. John, uses a magical plant to restore the sight of Senapus, king of Abyssinia, and secures an army to attack the Saracens in Africa. He captures the South wind in a bag to safely cross the desert,
- [Rogero and Bradamante](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/rogero-and-bradamante.md): Rogero, distraught over losing Bradamante to Prince Leo, seeks combat with the prince but ends up aiding the Bulgarians against the Greeks. He is captured and imprisoned by Theodora. Bradamante secures a boon from Charle
- [The Battle of Roncesvalles](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/the-battle-of-roncesvalles.md): Charlemagne's campaign in Spain leads to a treacherous plot by Gan (Ganelon), who conspires with King Marsilius to ambush Orlando and his small band at Roncesvalles. Despite warnings, Orlando refuses to summon aid, and a
- [Rinaldo and Bayard](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/rinaldo-and-bayard.md): Charlemagne, grieving the loss of his knights at Roncesvalles, is again misled by his son Charlot into persecuting Rinaldo and his brothers, who flee to Montalban. After a siege, Rinaldo loses his horse Bayard to thieves
- [Death of Rinaldo](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/death-of-rinaldo.md): The chapter recounts the final days of Rinaldo, from his humble life as a pilgrim and laborer in Cologne to his martyrdom at the hands of jealous workmen. It also includes the earlier episode of the siege of his castle, 
- [Huon of Bordeaux](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/huon-of-bordeaux.md): Charlemagne, feeling the burden of age, proposes to abdicate in favor of his sons Charlot and Lewis, but the barons oppose this due to Charlot's infamous character. Amaury of Hauteville, a secret partisan of Charlot, sug
- [Huon of Bordeaux (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/huon-of-bordeaux-continued.md): Huon continues his quest, encountering the fairy king Oberon disguised as a dwarf, who tests his purity and grants him magical gifts. He then travels to Rome, receives his uncle the Pope's blessing, and journeys to the E
- [Huon of Bordeaux (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/huon-of-bordeaux-continued.md): Huon, guided by a dream and the magic cup, travels to Bagdad where he rescues the ungrateful Prince of Hyrcania from a lion. He learns from an old woman that the princess Clarimunda, forced to marry the prince, also had 
- [Ogier, the Dane](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ogier-the-dane.md): Ogier, son of Geoffroy, the first Christian king of Denmark, is blessed at birth by six fairy ladies, including Morgana, who grants him invincibility and a visit to Avalon. He is given as a hostage to Charlemagne after h
- [Ogier, the Dane (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ogier-the-dane-continued.md): Charlemagne prepares to enforce submission from King Geoffroy of Denmark, but Geoffroy sends an embassy asking for help against invaders. Ogier leads an army to rescue his father, but arrives to find Geoffroy dead. An an
- [Ogier, the Dane (Continued)](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/ogier-the-dane-continued.md): Ogier, after many adventures including a war against Saracens and a sojourn with the fairy Morgana in Avalon, returns to Charlemagne's court to face the Saracen champion Bruhier in single combat. Bruhier possesses a heal
- [A](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/a.md): This chapter serves as a glossary or index of mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts, providing brief definitions and etymological notes for each entry from 'Abdalrahman' to 'Athamas'.
- [B](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/b.md): This chapter provides an alphabetical listing of mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts, including deities, heroes, and locations from Greek, Roman, Norse, Celtic, and other traditions.
- [C](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/c.md): This chapter provides an alphabetical listing of mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts from classical and medieval traditions, including entries on Cadmus, Circe, Charlemagne, Camelot, and
- [D](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/d.md): This chapter provides a glossary of mythological, legendary, and historical figures and places, including Daedalus, Danaë, Daphne, Dardanus, Diana, Dido, and others, with brief descriptions of their roles and stories.
- [E](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/e.md): This chapter provides brief definitions and mythological descriptions for various entries starting with the letter 'E', including figures such as Echo, Enid, Eurydice, and Excalibur, as well as places, concepts, and obje
- [F](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/f.md): This chapter provides a glossary of mythological and legendary figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter F, including giants, enchantresses, Norse and Roman deities, and knights from the Carolingian and Art
- [G](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/g.md): This chapter provides an alphabetical listing of mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter 'G', including entries on Gaea, Galahad, Gawain, Geraint, the Golden Fleece
- [H](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/h.md): This chapter provides a glossary of mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter H, including entries on gods, heroes, monsters, and locations from Greek, Roman, Norse, 
- [I](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/i.md): This chapter is a glossary of mythological and legendary figures, places, and concepts, providing brief definitions and contexts for entries from Iapetus to Ixion.
- [J](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/j.md): This chapter provides brief entries on various mythological, legendary, and historical figures and places, including Janiculum, Janus, Jason, Joseph of Arimathea, Jotunheim, Jove, Joyous Garde, Juggernaut, Juno, Jupiter,
- [K](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/k.md): This chapter provides brief entries for various figures and places beginning with the letter K, including characters from Arthurian legend, Hindu mythology, and other traditions.
- [L](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/l.md): This chapter provides an alphabetical listing of mythological and legendary figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter 'L', including entries on the Labyrinth, Laocoön, Launcelot, and other notable character
- [M](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/m.md): This chapter serves as a glossary of mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter 'M', including entries from Greek, Roman, Norse, Celtic, and Arthurian traditions, as w
- [N](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/n.md): This chapter provides a glossary of mythological and legendary figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter N, including entries on Naiads, Narcissus, Neptune, the Nibelungen Hoard, Niobe, the Norns, and Nymph
- [O](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/o.md): This chapter provides a glossary of mythological and legendary figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter 'O', including gods, heroes, nymphs, and literary references from Greek, Norse, Celtic, and medieval 
- [P](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/p.md): This chapter provides an alphabetical listing of mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter 'P', including brief descriptions of their roles and stories.
- [Q](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/q.md): This chapter defines the term 'Quirinus,' a war god derived from the Latin word 'quiris' (lance or spear), and notes the tradition that Quirinus is identified with Romulus, the founder of Rome.
- [R](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/r.md): This chapter provides brief entries for various mythological, legendary, and historical figures, places, and concepts, including the horse Rabican, the Norse Ragnarok, Arthurian items like Rhongomyant and Ron, and knight
- [S](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/s.md): This chapter provides an alphabetical listing of mythological and legendary figures, places, and concepts beginning with the letter 'S', including entries from Greek, Roman, Norse, Hindu, and Arthurian traditions.
- [T](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/t.md): This chapter provides brief entries on various mythological, historical, and geographical names beginning with the letter T, including figures from Greek, Roman, Norse, and Arthurian legend, as well as places and concept
- [U](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/u.md): This chapter provides brief definitions and mythological or historical references for entries beginning with the letter U, including figures from Greek, Norse, and Arthurian legend, such as Ulysses, Urdur, Uther, and Uwa
- [V](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/v.md): This chapter provides a glossary of mythological, historical, and cultural terms, including figures from Norse, Hindu, Greek, Roman, and Arthurian traditions, as well as geographical and literary references.
- [W](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/w.md): This chapter provides brief definitions and mythological references for terms beginning with the letter 'W', including the constellation Wain, the Rhine-daughters Wellgunda and Woglinda, the Norse god Woden (Odin), the s
- [Chapter X](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/x.md): The chapter introduces Xanthus, a river of Asia Minor, likely setting the stage for mythological or historical events associated with this location.
- [Y](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/y.md): This chapter provides brief entries on mythological and legendary figures and places beginning with the letter Y, including the Hindu god Yama, the Norse tree Yggdrasil, the giant Ymir, and several characters from Arthur
- [Z](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/z.md): This chapter provides brief entries on various mythological and historical figures and texts, including Zoroaster, Zerbino, and other classical and Persian references.
- [List of Illustrations](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/list-of-illustrations.md): This chapter provides a list of illustrations for the book, including a genealogical chart showing the descent of the gods.
- [Endnotes](https://www.betterreads.online/discover/bulfinch_s_mythology_se/chapters/endnotes.md): This chapter consists of endnotes providing citations, translations, and commentary on classical and medieval references throughout the book, including quotes from Virgil, Ovid, and other sources, as well as notes on Art

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