# XIV explained — Before Adam > Chapter companion for Before Adam by Jack London. ## What happens The chapter describes the murder of Crooked-Leg by Red-Eye and the abduction of the Singing One, which incites rage among the Folk but leads to a hee-hee council where rhythm and art soothe their anger. The narrator reflects on the lack of language for cooperation, the search for the Swift One, ongoing feud with Red-Eye, and the Folk's fear of the dark as a real, concrete danger. ## Themes in this chapter ### Violence and Atavistic Aggression Red-Eye's murder of Crooked-Leg and abuse of the Singing One exemplify atavistic violence, foreshadowing human mate-killing. ### Primitive Society and Social Organization The hee-hee council shows the Folk's gregarious instinct and nascent cooperation, limited by lack of language. ### Fear and Survival The Folk's fear of the dark is driven by real predators, shaping their behavior and social rituals. ## Character check-ins ### Red-Eye Murders Crooked-Leg and abducts the Singing One; continues to terrorize the Folk; carries a permanent lump on his neck from the narrator's rock. ### Lop-Ear Returns from the adventure-journey with the narrator; shares the narrator's cave and is warned by others of Red-Eye's approach. ### The Singing One Granddaughter of Old Marrow-Bone and daughter of the Hairless One; recently mated with Crooked-Leg; abducted by Red-Eye after he kills her husband. ### Crooked-Leg Small, lean, and non-confrontational; stands up to Red-Eye to defend his wife but is killed by having his neck broken. ### Old Marrow-Bone Grandfather of the Singing One; joins the rage-filled hee-hee council with his cracked voice. ### The Hairless One Father of the Singing One; attempts to express cooperative anger but lacks the vocabulary. ## Key lines > We were very angry, insanely, vociferously angry. Beating our chests, bristling, and gnashing our teeth, we gathered together in our rage. We felt the prod of gregarious instinct, the drawing together as though for united action, the impulse toward cooperation. In dim ways this need for united action was impressed upon us. But there was no way to achieve it because there was no way to express it. The Folk were intensely angry and gathered together, driven by a primitive urge to cooperate, but they lacked the language to organize a unified response. _Highlights the theme of primitive society and the limitations of early communication._ > We were sociable and gregarious, and these singing and laughing councils satisfied us. In ways the hee-hee council was an adumbration of the councils of primitive man, and of the great national assemblies and international conventions of latter-day man. The hee-hee councils, though chaotic, foreshadowed later human assemblies and conventions by providing a social outlet. _Connects primitive rituals to modern social institutions._ > We were afraid only of the dark. We had no germs of religion, no conceptions of an unseen world. We knew only the real world, and the things we feared were the real things, the concrete dangers, the flesh-and-blood animals that preyed. The Folk's fear was purely of tangible predators in the dark, not of supernatural beings, which would develop later. _Contrasts primitive fear with later religious or spiritual fears._ ## Links - HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/before_adam_se/chapters/xiv - Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/before_adam_se - All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/before_adam_se/chapters