# VI explained — Before Adam

> Chapter companion for Before Adam by Jack London.

## What happens

The narrator describes the horde's fear of the northeast and the mystery of smoke, as well as the community's tactics for defending against predators like Saber-Tooth. He also reflects on the social structure, including the lack of monogamy and the role of laughter and mockery in survival.

## Themes in this chapter

### Fear and Survival

The horde's perpetual fear of the northeast and their use of cunning and cowardice to survive hostile predators.

### Primitive Society and Social Organization

The horde's rudimentary social structure, including promiscuous mating, isolated monogamous couples, and collective defense.

### Violence and Atavistic Aggression

The horde's aggressive mockery and stone-throwing against Saber-Tooth, and the instinctive rage and fear that drive their actions.

## Character check-ins

### Lop-Ear

The narrator's companion, who is timid about venturing northeast and scolds the narrator for taking risks.

### Old Saber-Tooth

The tiger that attacks the horde's caves and is driven off by stones and mockery.

### The Folk

The horde that lives in fear of the northeast and uses cunning and group action to defend against predators.

## Key lines

> There was a nameless and incommunicable fear that rested upon all. At first it appeared to be connected wholly with direction. The horde feared the northeast.

An unexplained, pervasive fear gripped everyone, initially seeming tied to the northeast direction.

_Highlights the horde's primal, direction-specific dread._

> We were not fighters like them; we were cunning and cowardly, and it was because of our cunning and cowardice, and our inordinate capacity for fear, that we survived in that frightfully hostile environment of the Younger World.

Our survival in the dangerous early world depended not on fighting strength but on our cleverness, timidity, and extreme fearfulness.

_Summarizes the narrator's view on the adaptive value of fear and cunning._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/before_adam_se/chapters/vi
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/before_adam_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/before_adam_se/chapters