# III: My Mother’s Curse Upon White Settlers explained — American Indian Stories

> Chapter companion for American Indian Stories by Zitkála-Šá.

## What happens

On a dark night, mother and daughter sit by the river, observing the encroaching lights of white settlers' lodges. Mother recounts how the paleface caused the deaths of her sister and brother, warns her daughter against the hypocritical and violent nature of white settlers, and then curses the new settlers' fires with a powerful gesture.

## Themes in this chapter

### Colonial Violence and Injustice

Mother explicitly blames the paleface for the deaths of her sister and brother, and describes the hypocritical use of holy papers and firewater.

### Land and Sovereignty

The shrinking limits of the village and the scattered lights of white settlers claiming wild lands illustrate the loss of Native territory.

### Resistance and Resilience

Mother's curse and her forceful gesture represent a spiritual and emotional act of resistance against the invaders.

## Character check-ins

### Mother

Sits with her daughter, recounts family losses, and curses the white settlers.

### Blue-Star Woman

The daughter listening to her mother's warnings and curse.

## Key lines

> My daughter, beware of the paleface. It was the cruel paleface who caused the death of your sister and your uncle, my brave brother.

Mother warns her daughter to distrust white people, blaming them for the murders of her sister and brother.

_Direct accusation of colonial violence against the family._

> It is this same paleface who offers in one palm the holy papers, and with the other gives a holy baptism of firewater.

The white man hypocritically presents treaties or religious documents while simultaneously offering alcohol.

_Critique of the duplicity of settlers using religion and alcohol as tools of oppression._

> He is the hypocrite who reads with one eye, ‘Thou shalt not kill,’ and with the other gloats upon the sufferings of the Indian race.

The white man pretends to follow the commandment against killing while taking pleasure in Native suffering.

_Condemnation of the moral hypocrisy of colonizers._

> She sprang to her feet, and, standing firm beside her wigwam, she sent a curse upon those who sat around the hated white man’s light.

Mother stood up and cursed the white settlers gathered around their fires.

_Act of spiritual resistance and defiance._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/american_indian_stories_se/chapters/iii-my-mother-s-curse-upon-white-settlers
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/american_indian_stories_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/american_indian_stories_se/chapters