# II explained — American Indian Stories

> Chapter companion for American Indian Stories by Zitkála-Šá.

## What happens

After nine winters at a mission school, the narrator returns to his tribe as a Christian preacher, only to find his father gravely ill and his mother grieving. He struggles to reconcile his new faith with his people's traditions, ultimately driving away the medicine-man, which causes his father to despair.

## Themes in this chapter

### Cultural Displacement and Assimilation

The narrator returns as a stranger in his own village, wearing foreign clothes and carrying a foreign Bible, unable to reconnect with his family's traditions.

### Spirituality vs. Christianity

The narrator's Christian faith clashes with the medicine-man's healing rituals, leading to a confrontation that deepens his father's despair.

### Loss of Identity and Belonging

Despite sitting between his parents, the narrator feels alienated, separated by 'ideas and faiths' and unable to fulfill his intended role as a warrior and huntsman.

## Character check-ins

### Ohiyesa

The narrator, returning as a Christian missionary after nine winters at a mission school.

### Mother

Sits with bowed head, weeping over her husband's illness, spiritually separated from her son.

### Uncle

The old warrior who leads the narrator to his father's teepee and advises him to wait outside.

## Key lines

> Nine winters’ snows had buried deep that night when my old grandmother, together with my father and mother, designed my future with the glow of a camp fire upon it.

Nine years had passed since my grandmother, father, and mother planned my future by the campfire.

_Sets the scene of lost potential and the passage of time._

> With the white man’s Bible in my hand, and the white man’s tender heart in my breast, I returned to my own people.

Carrying the white man's Bible and adopting his compassionate heart, I came back to my tribe.

_Highlights the narrator's internal conflict and assimilation._

> Wearing a foreigner’s dress, I walked, a stranger, into my father’s village.

Dressed in foreign clothes, I entered my father's village as an outsider.

_Emphasizes the theme of displacement and loss of identity._

> Alike our throats were choked and tears were streaming from our eyes; but far apart in spirit our ideas and faiths separated us.

We both wept, but our beliefs and spirits were deeply divided.

_Illustrates the emotional and spiritual rift between the narrator and his mother._

> Useless was my attempt to change the faith in the medicine-man to that abstract power named God.

My efforts to replace belief in the medicine-man with faith in God were futile.

_Shows the failure of the narrator's missionary work within his own family._

## Links

- HTML: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/american_indian_stories_se/chapters/ii
- Book: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/american_indian_stories_se
- All chapters: https://www.betterreads.online/discover/american_indian_stories_se/chapters
